Multilingual Writing in Medieval Japan
89
ten after the Genpei War, the significance of what it does and does not
say about the immediate past is much greater, simply because of the mag-
nitude of the events from which it turns away.
Based on developments suggested by Tadachika’s other writings, I ar-
gue that
The Water Mirror
was written after the Genpei War, during the
last decade of Tadachika’s life.
12
Regrettably, there are no overt clues to
be found within
The Water Mirror
. Nowhere is there a reference to specific
current events that might provide a hint about the work’s genesis. Like
the two
Mirrors
before it, the work comes with a preface, but unfortu-
nately that provides virtually no information about a reality external to
the text other than to clarify that it postdates both
The Tale of Genji
and
The Great Mirror
.
13
The preface takes the form of the reminiscences of a
seventy-three-year-old woman on a pilgrimage and also features a young
ascetic who relates a historical transmission to her (that he has heard from
an immortal), but there is no obvious narrative counterpart to the author.
Neither the elderly woman nor the young ascetic is close to Tadachika
in terms of age, although Tadachika’s diary
Sankaiki
(A Minister’s Log-
book, written in 1151–94) attests to mounting physical woes that might
resonate with the “pangs of old age” his septuagenarian narrator feels.
14
Of course, it is perfectly possible that the figures Tadachika created
were not based on any correspondence to his own autobiographical de-
tails. But since Tadachika’s account of much of his time after the Gen-
pei War is spotty, it is difficult to pin down the composition of
The Water
Mirror
to this time period based on the factual record alone; the surviving
12. A recent annotated edition of
The Water Mirror
proposes in passing that it “is
thought to probably
be from the early Kamakura,
and on top of that, around the
Kenkyū era (1190–1198)” (Kawakita, “‘Mizukagami’ ni tsuite,” 2).
13. Kaneko e
t
al.,
Mizukagami zen chūshaku
, 452. This critical edition is based on
the oldest
surviving manuscript of
The Water Mirror
,
which dates from the mid-
Kamakura period and is held by Senjūji Temple. See ibid., 3. Matsumura Takeo identi-
fies the Senjūjibon and the Hōsa Bunkobon, dating from approximately the Ōei period
(1394–1428), as the oldest and most reliable versions (“Mizukagami no shohon,” 63).
The other manuscript editions are the Yanase Kazuobon, from no later than 1652; the
Edo-period Kunaichō shoryōbubon; the undated Ōkura Seishin bunka kenkyūsho edi-
tion; and the undated fragment held at Shinpukuji Temple (ibid., 70–76). The remain-
ing three manuscripts he characterizes as “augmented” (
zōho
) editions (ibid. 76–87).
14. Kaneko e
t
al.,
Mizukagami zen chūshaku
, 11. For instances of Tadachika’s ail-
ments, see Nakayama,
Sankaiki
, 2:76, 289, 310, 311, and 327; and 3:244.
90
Deviant by Design
portions of his journal shed no light on the subject. In the entries cover-
ing the twenty-odd years between the earliest possible appearance of
Dostları ilə paylaş: