88
Deviant by Design
the genre an opportunity to make their voices heard in a way that did
not necessitate a complete break with the old order. Instead, these works
feature a series of negotiations with the past, visions in which old and
new markers of authority are deployed together or adapted to fresh ends
as ways of processing and ordering new configurations of power.
This chapter argues that
The Water Mirror
, conventionally attributed
to Nakayama Tadachika and the first
Mirror
to emerge after the war,
marks a turning point in the genre that has an impact on both later
Mir-
ror
writing and other disquisitions on the past. At the narrative level,
The
Water Mirror
capitalizes on the place and principle rhetoric of the earlier
Mirrors
to advance a new position and relationship to the past. At the
same time, its use of language—a regular alternation between
kanbun
and
wabun
—marks a significant development in the format of the
Mir-
rors
. In my reading, Tadachika’s formal and thematic innovations to the
genre collectively become a catalyst for an apparent reappraisal of
Mirror
writing, one that gradually moves the genre from the historiographic
“margins of power” to the mainstream and has lasting legacies for medi-
eval historiography.
10
Identifying the Erased:
Origins of
The Water Mirror
In addition to the formal and thematic innovations just noted,
The Water
Mirror
also breaks with precedent to turn to the distant past for its sub-
ject. Part of the work’s power lies in what its author chooses to address,
so before anything else, at least some sense of which events are being elided
must be established. Unfortunately, the dating of
The Water Mirror
is
murky. Often, it is simply given as being after 1170.
11
This dating means
that it follows at least two significant armed uprisings, the aforementioned
H
ō
gen and Heiji Disturbances of 1156 and 1160. But if the work was writ-
10. The “margins of power” are where David Bialock positions
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