Allmark-Kent 180
Hence, rather than using a self-justifying preface to establish the
scientific
credibility of his work, Lawrence opens
The White Puma
with a brief
note, titled simply “The Puma (Felis concolor)” (xiii). The note provides
information on the puma’s anatomy (including the average weight and
measurements of adult males and females), mating behaviour, habitats and
geographical spread, local name in different languages, and widespread
population loss due to hunting (xiii-xiv). Here, Lawrence demonstrates the
foundation of his novel
in both the sciences
and
advocacy for animal protection,
as well as indicating the solid factual basis for his representations. Likewise, in
the prologue, he emphasizes scientific explanations for the puma’s behaviour:
“his keen sense of smell even allowed him to recognize the individual odours of
each of its [human, canine, and equine] participants. As he watched, listened,
and sniffed, his emotions fired heavy charges of endocrine hormones into his
bloodstream, especially adrenaline, the chemical
that prepared his body for
immediate and strenuous action” (4). With a little more subtlety than Seton,
Roberts, or Haig-Brown, then, Lawrence uses this blend of sensory experience,
memory, emotional
response, and neurochemical reaction to signpost the
specific animal psychology discourse informing his work: cognitive ethology. It is
worth noting, for instance, that the sharp division between instinct and
intelligence (seen in previous texts informed by comparative psychology or
behaviourism) has been replaced by a balance between hormonal input and
cognitive complexity. Moreover, Lawre
nce’s unapologetic depiction of
protagonists
with cognitive, emotional, and social complexity also indicates a
post-behaviourist return to the confident style of animal representation found in
the late nineteenth-century wild animal stories.
Allmark-Kent 181
I suggest, then, that the similarities between
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