Survival
. I
then outline my position and the three broad categories of animal representation
that I have identified, before proceeding with the literary analysis itself. Since
the focus here is still the wild animal story, the survey will be restricted to
depictions of wild animals. I do propose, though, that it is the
‘wildness’ of these
animals that makes them
‘fascinating.’ As I argue below, wildness and wild
animals seem to hold a significant position in Canadian culture. The definition of
‘wild’ can be blurred however, and like a few of Seton’s and Roberts’ stories,
there are crossovers with domesticated animals behaving in (or being perceived
in) ‘wild’ ways. Since this fascination does not seem to apply to pets or farm
Allmark-Kent 37
animals, it is more than likely that the individuals in these narratives only
become ‘fascinating’ when they become ‘wild’. The texts covered here are
restricted to novels from the twentieth century written in English, and again this
is to reflect the nature of this project. Nevertheless, I will allow for a few crucial
texts from the beginning of the twenty-first century
—Yann Martel’s
Life of Pi
(2001) being an obvious inclusion, for instance.
Unlike the rest of the thesis, however, and unlike the other studies of
Canadian literature mentioned here, this chapter also includes texts by
Aboriginal authors. In doing so, I will attempt to avoid tokenistic engagement,
these texts will not be unthinkingly assimilated into my framework neither will
they be ‘othered’ and forced into a reductive Native/non-Native dichotomy.
2
Due
to the size of the task here, however, practical considerations must be
acknowledged, and realistically none of the texts in this chapter can be given
the thorough attention and detailed analysis they deserve; a certain amount of
brevity is to be expected. Feasibility means that the abundance of animals in
other forms of literature cannot be addressed here; notable exclusions being
poetry and non-fiction genres, in particular nature writing; autobiography and
travel accounts. Inevitably, the discussions in this chapter are by no means
exhaustive, but hopefully they can be starting points from which future research,
and perhaps a more holistic theory of animals in Canadian literature, may
develop.
2
I use the terms ‘assimilation’ and ‘othering’ knowingly to reflect Canada’s colonial status, the
legacy of which can often unwittingly be repeated in academic practices.
Allmark-Kent 38
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