=
i
+
i
K
I
i
U
0
H
I
i
U
i
U
K
I
i
U
nax.16 normaluri da avariuli reJimebis zeddeba
ganixileba mokle SerTva
i
wertilSi, romelSic mimdevrobiT
aris CarTuli erTnairi sididisa da sawinaaRmdego niSnis Zabvis
wyaroebi da Sesabamisad_
0
i
i
U
U
Zabvis wyaroebis sidide
SeiZleba nebismierad aviRoT. Sesabamisad, is SeiZleba
i
kvanZis
nominalur Zabvasac gavutolod. am SemTxvevaSi
n
i
i
U
U
.
i
kvanZSi
i
U
sididis Zabvis wyaros CarTva nominaluri reJimis
sqemaSi Zabvebisa da denebis cvlilebas ar iwvevs, xolo
avariuli reJimis sqemaSi_
i
U
Zabvis wyaros wyaros CarTva iwvevs,
e.w. denebis avariul mdgenelebs.
zemoT aRniSnulis Tanaxmad, kvanZuri deni
m.S
I
I
i
kvanZur
i
U
ZabvasTan dakavSirebuli iqneba kvanZis sakuTari winaRobiT:
ii
i
ii
U
I
Z
. zogad SemTxvevaSi n raodenobis mokle SerTvis
SemTxvevaSi kvanZuri denebisa da kvanZuri Zabvebis kavSiri
gamoisaxeba (4.1.4) gantolebiT. magaliTad, Tu mokle SerTva xdeba
I
kvanZSi, maSin (4.1.4) matriculi gantoleba miiRebs saxes:
n
nn
n
n
n
U
U
I
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n
0
1
2
1
1
12
11
(4.1.5)
aq yvela kvanZuri deni, garda I kvanZuri denisa, tolia nulis.
I
kvanZis Zabvis garda, yvela kvanZis Zabva ucnobia da ewodeba
narCeni Zabva (I kvanZis Zabva nominaluri reJimis Zabvis tolia).
matricebis gadamravlebiT (4.1.5) gantolebidan miviRebT:
75
n
n
U
I
Z
U
I
Z
U
I
Z
1
1
2
1
21
1
1
11
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n
(4.1.6)
(4.1.6) gantolebaTa sistemis pirveli tolobidan gansazRvravT
mokle SerTvis dens_
11
1
1
Z
U
I
I
n
m.S
m.S
, Semdeg ki danarCeni
tolobebidan vipoviT narCen Zabvebs
n
U
U
U
.
.
.
3
2
,
, romlebic
saSualebas gvaZlevs yvela StoSi gansazRvroT denebis avariuli
mdgeneli. denis avariuli mdgeneli
i
da j StoSi ganisazRvreba
Semdegnairad:
j
i
j
i
i
j
i
j
i
j
i
Z
Z
Z
I
Z
U
U
I
1
1
m.S
sadac
j
i
Z
aris
i
da j Stos winaRoba.
analogiurad ganixileba mokle SerTva nebismier sxva
wertilSi.
i
_uri kvanZisaTvis gveqneba:
n
i
i
nn
n
n
in
i
i
n
U
U
U
I
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n
1
2
1
2
1
1
12
11
anu
n
i
ni
i
i
ii
i
i
U
I
Z
U
I
Z
U
I
Z
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n
1
1
(4.1.7)
(4.1.7) gantolebaSi
i
_uri toloba saSualebas gvaZlevs
gansazRvroT mokle SerTvis deni:
ii
i
i
Z
U
I
n
m.S
, xolo danarCeni
gamosaxulebebiT SeiZleba gansazRvroT
n
U
U
U
.
.
.
2
1
,
Zabvebi da
vipovoT avariuli denebi StoebSi.
mokle SerTva SeiZleba erTdroulad ganvixiloT ramodenime
kvanZSi. (4.1.4) gantoleba Seesabameba mokle SerTvas ramodenime n
kvanZSi. magaliTad,
i
da j kvanZebSi mokle SerTvis SemTxvevaSi
(4.1.4) gantoleba miiRebs saxes:
76
n
j
i
j
i
nn
n
n
n
jn
j
j
j
in
i
i
i
n
U
U
U
U
I
I
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n
n
0
0
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
13
12
11
(4.1.8)
gadamravlebis Sedegad miviRebT:
n
j
nj
i
ni
j
j
jj
i
ji
i
j
ij
i
ii
j
j
i
i
U
I
Z
I
Z
U
I
Z
I
Z
U
I
Z
I
Z
U
I
Z
I
Z
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
n
n
1
1
1
(4.1.9)
i
da j _uri tolobebi gansazRvraven gantolebaTa Semdeg
sistemas:
n
n
j
j
jj
i
ji
i
j
ij
i
ii
U
I
Z
I
Z
U
I
Z
I
Z
maTi amoxsna gvaZlevs
m.S
i
I
da
m.S
j
I
mokle SerTvis denebsi, j k
kvanZebSi, romelTa saSualebiT (4.1.9) gamosaxulebis danarCeni
tolobebidan vpoulobT narCeni Zabvebis avariul mdgenelebs:
n
j
nj
i
ni
j
j
i
i
u
i
z
i
z
u
i
z
i
z
...
..........
..........
1
1
1
romelTa meSveobiTac ganisazRvrebian StoebSi denebis
avariuli mdgenelebi. denebis avariuli mdgenelebis zeddeba
normaluri reJimis denebTan iZleva avariul denebs.
77
ganvixiloT konkretuli magaliTi simetriuli mokle SerTvis
angariSis sqemis gardasaxviTa da koeficientTa matricis
gamoyenebiT
vaCvenoT mokle SerTvis denebis gaangariSebis sxvadasxva
meTodebi da movaxdinoT miRebuli Sedegebis Sedareba.
ganvixiloT meore da mesame kvanZSi normaluri reJimis toli
da mimarTulebiT Tanxvedrili Zabvis wyaroebis CarTva:
2
2
1
2
2
2
3.75a
2.49a
1.25a
2
3
12.49v
4.99v
2.49v
normaluri
reJimi
CavrToT Zabvis wyaroebi meore kvanZsa da nulovan kvanZs
Soris, mesame kvanZsa nulovan kvanZs Soris da cal-calke
ganvixiloT TiToeuli wyaros moqmedeba.
2
2
1
2
2
2
5a
0a
2
3
wy -1-is moqmedebiT gamowveuli
reJimi
wy-1
20v
wy-2
wy-3
5a
0
2
2
1
2
2
2
1.24a
2.49a
2
3
wy-2-is moqmedebiT gamowveuli
reJimi
wy-1
wy-2
4.99v
wy-3
6.24a
0
2.49a
2.49a
2
2
1
2
2
2
0a
0
2
3
wy-3-is moqmedebiT gamowveuli
reJimi
wy-1
wy-2
wy-3
1.24a
1.24a
1.24a
2.49a
78
movaxdinoT samive wyaros mier gamowveuli reJimebis zeddeba:
2
2
1
2
2
2
3.75a
2.49a
2
3
zeddebis Sedegad miviReT reJimi,
romelic emTxveva sawyis
normalur reJims
wy-1
20v
wy-2
wy-3
0
1.25a
0
12.49v
4.99v
2.49v
e.i Tu nebismier 2 kvanZs Soris CavrTavT Zabvis wyaroebs,
romelTa Zabvis mniSvneloba sididiT da mimarTulebiT tolia
normalur reJimSi arsebuli Zabvisa, amiT sawyisi eleqtruli
reJimi ucvleli darCeba.
ganvixiloT meore da mesame kvanZSi normaluri reJimis toli
da mimarTulebiT sawinaaRmdego Zabvis wyaroebis CarTva:
2
2
1
2
2
2
1.24a
2.49a
2
3
wy-2-is moqmedebiT gamowveuli
reJimi
wy-1
wy-2
wy-3
6.24a
0
1.24a
2.49a
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
wy-3-is moqmedebiT gamowveuli
reJimi
wy-1
wy-2
wy-3
1.24a
2.49a
1.24a
0a
1.24a
meore da mesame wyaros mier gamowveuli reJimebis zeddebis
Sedegad, sawyis normalur reJimTan, gvaqvs:
2
2
1
2
2
2
5a
2
3
e.i miviReT sruli avariuli
reJimi
wy-1
20v
wy-2
wy-3
5a
0
0
e.i SegviZlia gavakeToT daskvna, rom Tu dazianebis adgilas
CavrTavT sididiT da mimarTulebiT sawinaaRmdego niSnis Zabvis
wyaroebs (normaluri reJimis Zabvis toli), maSin miviRebT
StoebSi gamavali denebis avariuli mdgenelebs (Zabvis wyaros
79
mier Seqmnili StoebSi gamavali denebi warmoadgens mokle
SerTvis
denebs).
xolo
Tu
movaxdenT
sawinaaRmdego
mimarTulebiT CarTuli Zabvis wyaroebiT gamowveuli reJimebis
zeddebas normalur reJimTan, miviRebT srul avariul reJims.
Cven ganvixileT StoebSi CarTuli sididiT toli da
mimarTulebiT sawinaaRmdego niSnis Zabvis wyaroebis moqmedebis
Sedegad gamowveuli reJimebi, romlis zeddebam normalur
reJimTan mogvca avariuli reJimi. Sedegad gansazRvreT mocemul
damoklebul StoebSi gamavali mokle SerTvis denebi. igives
miRweva SegviZlia Tu ganvixilavT kvanZuri gamtareblobis
matricas mocemuli qselisaTvis da SevadgenT kvanZuri Zabvebis
gantolebas.
mocemuli sqemisTvis koeficientTa matricas eqneba saxe:
1
5
.
0
0
5
.
0
5
.
1
5
.
0
0
5
.
0
1
33
32
31
23
22
21
13
12
11
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
kv
davweroT kvanZuri Zabvebis gantoleba maTematikuri formiT:
kv
kv
kv
I
U
Y
mokle SerTvis adgilas vTvliT, rom gvaqvs normalur reJimSi
arsebuli Zabvebi.
kvanZuri Zabvebis gantoleba matriculi formiT:
m.S
m.S
n
n
3
2
3
2
1
0
1
5
.
0
0
5
.
0
5
.
1
5
.
0
0
5
.
0
1
I
I
U
U
U
radganac damoklebuli aris more da mesame kvanZi, amitom
koeficientTa matricaSi vaxdenT I striqonisa da svetis gausis
meTodiT gadaangariSebas. e.i vaxdenT 1 kvanZis gamoricxvas
1
5
.
0
5
.
0
25
.
1
1
0
0
1
1
)
5
.
0
(
0
5
.
0
1
0
5
.
0
5
.
0
1
)
5
.
0
(
5
.
0
5
.
1
80
gveqneba:
m.S
m.S
n
n
3
2
3
2
1
5
.
0
5
.
0
25
.
1
I
I
U
U
gveqna:
m.S
m.S
3
2
49
.
2
99
.
4
1
5
.
0
5
.
0
25
.
1
I
I
vRebulobT Semdeg tolobas:
m.S
m.S
3
2
49
.
2
1
99
.
4
5
.
0
49
.
2
5
.
0
99
.
4
25
.
1
I
I
aqedan:
0
5
3
2
m.S
m.S
I
I
e.i miviReT mokle SerTvis denis mniSvnelobebi damoklebul
meore da mesame StoebSi. aqedan gamomdinare SegviZlia gavakeToT
daskvna, rom Tu Cven mokle SerTvis imitacias vaxdenT Zabvis
wyaroebiT, mokle SerTvis angariSisas unda gamoviyenoT kvanZuri
gamtareblobebis matrica da am matricaSi moxdeba im striqonisa
da svetis gausis formuliT gadaangariSeba romel kvanZSic
gvaqvs mokle SerTva.
exla ganvixiloT denis wyaros CarTva damoklebul StoSi,
romlis denis sidide tolia am StoSi gamavali mokle SerTvis
denisa.
2
2
1
2
2
2
1.25a
2.5a
2
3
wy-1-is moqmedebiT gamowveuli reJimi
wy-1
wy-2
5a
1.25a
0
radganac wy-2-is mier gamowveuli deni nulis tolia, amitom
mis moqmedebas aRar ganvixilavT. Tu ganvixilavT wy-1-isa da wy-2-
is moqmedebiT gamowveuli reJimebis zeddebas normalur reJimTan
miviRebT srul avariul reJims.
2
2
2
5a
0
avariuli reJimi
wy-1
wy-2
5a
0
0
20v
2
2
2
2
3
Cven ganvixileT denis wyaros CarTva damoklebul StoebSi,
romlis sidide aviReT am StoSi gamavali mokle SerTvis denis
81
toli da zeddebis Sedegad (normalur reJimTan) mivireT sruli
avariuli reJimi.
igive Sedegs miviRebT Tu ganvixilavT kvanZur winaaRmdegobis
matricas mocemuli qselisaTvis.
mocemuli sqemisaTvis SevadginoT kvanZuri winaaRmdegobis
matrica:
25
.
1
5
.
0
25
.
0
5
.
0
1
5
.
0
25
.
0
5
.
0
25
.
1
33
32
31
23
22
21
13
12
11
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
kv
kvanZuri denebis gantoleba maTematikuri formiT:
kv
kv
kv
U
I
Z
davuSvaT, rom mokle SerTvis denebi CvenTvis ucnobia, xolo
mokle SerTvis adgilas vTvliT, rom gvaqvs normalur reJimSi
arsebuli Zabvebi.
kvanZuri denebis gantoleba matriculi fromiT:
49
.
2
99
.
4
0
25
.
1
5
.
0
25
.
0
5
.
0
1
5
.
0
25
.
0
5
.
0
25
.
1
1
3
2
1
3
2
U
U
U
U
I
I
n
n
m.S
m.S
mocemuli
kvanZuri
winaRobebis
matricidan
amoikribeba
striqonisa da svetis is elementebi, romel kvanZSidac gvaqvs
mokle SerTva:
49
.
2
25
.
1
5
.
0
99
.
4
5
.
0
1
3
3
2
2
3
2
n
m.S
m.S
n
m.S
m.S
U
I
I
U
I
I
mocemuli gantolebis amoxsna gvaZlevs mokle SerTvis denis
mniSvnelobebs damoklebul StoebSi
a
I
I
005
.
0
99
.
4
3
2
m.S
m.S
a
e.i aqedan gamomdinare SegviZlia gavakeTod daskvna, rom Tu
Cven mokle SerTvis imitacias vaxdenT denis wyaroebiT, maSin
mokle SerTvis denebis angariSisas unda gamoviyenoT kvanZuri
winaaRmdegobis matrica da mocemuli matricidan amoikrifeba
striqonisa da svetis is elementebi, romel kvanZSidadac gvaqvs
mokle SerTva.
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tu mokle SerTvis imitacias vaxdenT
Zabvis wyaroebiT, maSin am dros sabolood miRebuli (mokle
82
SerTvis raodenobis mixedviT) koeficientTa matricis Sebruneba
gvaZlevs im kvanZur winaaRmdegobaTa matricas, romelsac
viyenebT mokle SerTvis denebis angariSis dros _ denis
wyaroebis imitaciisas.
$4.2 simetriul mdgenelTa gamoyeneba arasimetriuli
reJimebis angariSisas
sistemaSi arasimetriuli reJimebis angariSi rTul amocanas
warmoadgens. imisaTvis, rom es amocana gadavwyvetili iyos ufro
martivad, arsebobs xelovnuri meTodi, romelsac simetriul
mdgenelTa meTodsac uwodeben. vnaxoT Tu raSi mdgomareobs am
meTodis arsi.
a
F
b
F
c
F
nax.17 arasimetriul veqtorTa sistema
rogorc
maTematikis
kursidan
viciT
nebismieri
3
arasimetriuli veqtorTa sistema SegviZlia gaviangariSoT 3
simetriuli veqtorTa sistemebis saSualebiT. kerZod vTqvaT
mocemuli gvaqvs 3 arasimetriuli veqtorTa sistema (nax.17). es
veqtorTa sistema SegviZlia gaviangariSoT Semdegi simetriul
veqtorTa sistemebis saSualebiT:
83
1
b
F
1
a
F
1
c
F
120
0
120
0
120
0
2
b
F
2
a
F
2
c
F
120
0
120
0
120
0
0
a
F
0
b
F
0
c
F
nax.18 arasimetriuli veqtorebis daSla simetriul mdgenelebad
sadac
1
a
F
,
1
b
F
,
1
c
F
_veqtorTa pirdapiri mimdevrobis sistemaa.
2
a
F
,
2
b
F
,
2
c
F
_veqtorTa uku mimdevrobis sistemaa.
0
a
F
,
0
b
F
,
co
F
_veqtorTa nulovani mimdevrobis sistemaa.
nax.17_ze
mocemuli
veqtorebidan
nebismieri
SegviZlia
davSaloT pirdapir, uku da nulovan mdgenelebad. saTanadod am
veqtorebsa
da
mdgenelebs
Soris
iarsebebs
Semdegi
damokidebuleba:
0
2
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
c
c
c
c
b
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
(4.2.1)
sadac_
0
0
0
c
b
a
F
F
F
rogorc es ukanaskneli naxazidan Cans.
(4.2.1) sistemis me_2 da me_3 gamosaxulebebi gamovsaxoT
a
F
veqtoris
1
a
F
pirdapiri,
2
a
F
uku da
0
a
F
nulovani mimdevrobis
mdgenelebis saSualebiT. amisaTvis gamoviyenoT operatori:
0
120
j
e
a
, romelic nebismier veqtors sididis Seucvlelad
saaaTis isris sawinaaRmdegod Semoabrunebs 120
0
_iT. aqedan
gamomdinare (4.2.1) sistema SegviZlia ase CavweroT:
0
2
2
1
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
c
c
c
c
b
b
b
b
a
a
a
a
F
F
a
F
a
F
F
F
a
F
a
F
F
F
F
F
(4.2.2)
(4.2.2)
sistemis
tolobebi
SevkriboT
wevr_wevrad
imis
gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
0
1
2
a
a
, miviRebT:
c
b
a
a
F
F
F
F
3
1
0
84
(4.2.2) sistemis I toloba davtovoT igive, II toloba
gavamravloT a _ze, III
2
a
_ze da miRebuli tolobebi SevkriboT
wevr_wevrad. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
1
3
a
da
a
a
4
, miviRebT:
c
b
a
a
F
a
F
a
F
F
2
1
3
1
axla Tu (4.2.2) sistemis I tolobas isev ucvlelad davtovebT
da II_s gavamravlebT
2
a
_ze, xolo III_s a _ze da miRebul
tolobebs SevkribavT wevr_wevrad, miviRebT:
c
b
a
a
F
a
F
a
F
F
2
2
3
1
rogorc zemoT moyvanili gamosaxulebebidan Cans, Tu
veqtorTa
,
,
c
b
a
F
F
F
,
arasimetriuli sistemidan gaviangariSebT
mxolod
erT_erT
veqtoris
pirdapir,
uku
da
nulovan
mdgenelebs,
maTi
saSualebiT
SegviZlia
gamovsaxoT
arasimetriul veqtorTa sistemis danarCeni veqtorebis pirdapiri,
uku da nulovani mdgenelebic.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans, simetriul
mdgenelTa meTodis gamoyeneba, el sistemis arasimetriuli
reJimebis
angariSisas,
saSualebas
gvaZlevs
nebismieri
arasimetriuli reJimi gaviangariSoT 3 simetriuli reJimis
saSualebiT da Semdeg movaxdinoT am simetriuli reJimebis
zeddeba.
simetriul mdgenelTa meTodis ZiriTadi upiratesoba imaSic
mdgomareobs, rom calkeuli mdgenelebi damoukidebelni arian
erTmaneTisagan, anu pirdapiri mimdevrobis Zabvis vardna
el.sistemaSi ganpirobebulia mxolod pirdapiri mimdevrobis
deniT, uku mimdevrobis Zabvis vardna mxolod uku mimdevrobis
deniT, xolo nulovani mimdevrobis Zabvis vardna nulovani
mimdevrobis deniT:
0
0
0
2
2
2
1
1
1
Z
I
U
Z
I
U
Z
I
U
85
sadac_
1
U
,
2
U
,
0
U
_ Zabvis pirdapiri, uku da nulovani
mdgenelebia
1
I
,
2
I
,
0
I _ denis pirdapiri, uku da nulovani mdgenelebia.
1
Z
,
2
Z
,
0
Z
_el.sistemis pirdapiri, uku da nulovani jamuri
winaRobebia Sesabamisi denebis mimarT.
ismeba kiTxva_SesaZlebelia Tu ara simetriul mdgenelTa
meTodis gamoyeneba iseT el. sistemebSi, sadac CarTulia
mbrunavi el. manqanebi.
davuSvaT gvaqvs iseTi el.sistema, romelSic moqmedebs
mxolod erTi generatori. vTqvaT aseT sistemaSi gvaqvs
arasimetriuli muSaobis reJimi. sistemis nebismier wertilSi
Zabva gamoisaxeba Semdegi gamosaxulebiT:
U
IX
E
sadac
E
_generatoris e.m.Zalaa,
I
_sistemaSi gamavali denia.
U
_gansaxilvel wertilSi Zabvaa.
X
_generatoris e.m.Z_sa da gansaxilvel wertils
Soris jamuri winaRobaa.
imisaTvis rom gamoviyenoT simetriul mdgenelTa meTodi
bolo gamosaxulebaSi Zabva, deni da e.m.Z davSaloT simetriul
mdgenelebad. calkeuli mdgenelebisaTvis miviRebT:
0
0
0
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
X
I
U
X
I
U
X
I
E
U
(4.2.3)
rogorc 4.2.3 sistemidan Cans pirdapiri mimdevrobis Zabvis
gamosaxuleba Seicavs pirdapiri mimdevrobis e.m.Z-s. es is e.m.
Zalaa romelic arsebobs sinqronul generatorebSi normalur
reJimSi. normalur reJimSi ki generatori gvaZlevs e.m.Z_ebis
simetriul sistemas, xolo uka da nulovani mimdevrobis e.m.Z_ebi
nulis tolia, radgan generatori ar gamoimuSavebs uku da
nulovani mimdevrobis e.m.Z_ebs. im SemTxvevaSi Tu sistemaSi
CarTuli ara 1, aramed ramodenime sinqronuli generatori, maSin
4.2.3 sistema miiRebs Semdeg saxes:
86
0
0
0
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
X
I
U
X
I
U
X
I
E
U
(4.2.4)
sadac
1
E
_sistemaSi moqmedi generatorebis jamuri, anu
eqvivalenturi e.m.Z_ebia.
(4.2.4) sistemas simetriul mdgenelTa meTodis ZiriTad
gamosaxulebebs iwodeben. am gamosaxulebebSi gvaqvs 6 ucnobi: 3
deni da 3 Zabva. 3 gamosaxulebiT 6 ucnobis amoxsna SeuZlebelia.
danarCen 3 gamosaxulebas SevadgenT sasazRvro (sawyisi)
pirobebidan konkretuli mokle SerTvis ganxilvis dros.
$4.3 orfaza mokle SerTva
ganvixiloT orfaza mokle SerTva eleqtruli sistemis
romelime wertilSi:
A
B
C
KA
I
KB
I
KC
I
nax.19 orfaza mokle SerTva
am SemTxvevisaTvis sawyis pirobebs eqnebaT Semdegi saxe:
0
KA
I
;
KC
KB
I
I
;
KC
KB
U
U
imisaTvis rom gaviangariSoT mokle SerTvis denebi da Zabvebi,
gamoviyenoT simetriul mdgenelTa meTodi. amisaTvis ki moviqceT
Semdegnairad: mokle SerTvis denebi da Zabvebi davSaloT
simetriul mdgenelebad da warmovadginoT isini
A
fazis denisa
da Zabvis pirdapiri, uku da nulovani mdgenelebis saSualebiT.
nulovani mimdevrobis denisaTvis gveqneba:
0
)
(
3
1
0
KC
KB
KA
K
I
I
I
I
(4.3.1)
maSin
A
fazis mokle SerTvis denisaTvis gveqneba:
87
0
2
1
0
K
KA
KA
KA
I
I
I
I
saidanac:
2
1
KA
KA
I
I
(4.3.2)
davSaloT
KB
U
da
KC
U
mdgenelebad, gveqneba:
0
2
2
1
0
1
1
0
2
1
2
0
1
1
K
KA
KA
K
KC
KC
KC
K
KA
KA
K
KB
KB
KB
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
es
bolo
gamosaxuleba
gaviTvaliswinoT
sawyisi
pirobebistolobaSi:
0
2
2
1
0
2
1
2
K
KA
KA
K
KA
KA
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
a
U
a
saidanac:
2
2
1
2
1
2
KA
KA
KA
KA
U
a
U
a
U
a
U
a
bolo tolobidan:
0
2
1
2
KA
KA
U
U
a
a
sabolood:
2
1
KA
KA
U
U
(4.3.3)
2
1
2
X
I
j
U
KA
KA
(4.3.3) tolobaSi gaviTvaliswinoT simetriul mdgenelTa
meTodis ZiriTadi gantolebebi, miviRebT:
)
(
2
1
1
1
X
X
I
j
E
KA
A
saidanac:
)
(
2
1
1
1
X
X
j
E
I
A
KA
(4.3.4)
mokled CarTuli fazebis denebisaTvis gveqneba:
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
KA
KA
KA
KB
KB
KC
I
a
a
I
a
I
a
I
I
I
(4.3.5)
maSin:
1
2
KA
KB
KC
I
a
a
I
I
A
fazis ZabvisaTvis gveqneba:
2
1
KA
KA
KA
U
U
U
(4.3.3) tolobis gaTvaliswinebiT gveqneba:
1
2
KA
KA
U
U
(4.3.7)
mokled CarTuli fazebis ZabvebisaTvis gveqneba:
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
KA
KA
KA
KA
KB
KB
KC
KB
U
U
a
a
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
(4.3.8)
(4.3.7) da (4.3.8) gamosaxulebebidan Cans, rom dauzianebeli
fazis Zabva sididiT 2_jer metia dazianebuli fazis ZabvebTan
SedarebiT.
orfaza mokle SerTvisaTvis avagoT Zabvebisa da denebis
veqtoruli diagramebi. Zabvebis veqtoruli diagramis agebisas
moviqceT ase: nebismierad mivmarTod Zabva
1
KA
U
, xolo
1
KB
U
da
1
KC
U
dalagdeba
TavisTavad,
samfaza
simetriuli
veqtorTa
sistemis ganlagebis mixedviT. Semdeg, (4.3.3)tolobis safuZvelze
avagebT
2
KA
U
_s da Sesabamisad mis mimarT
2
KB
U
_s da
2
KC
U
_s.
denebis veqtoruli diagramis agebisas viqceviT ase: avagebT
1
KA
I
veqtors imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom igi
0
90
_iT CamorCeba
1
KA
U
88
_s. Semdeg mis mimarT vagebT
1
KB
I
da
1
KC
I
veqtorebs.
2
KA
I
veqtoris
asagebad viyenebT (4.3.2) tolobas.
nax20. Zabvebisa da denebis veqtoruli diagrama orfaza mokle
SerTvis dros
$4.4 erTfaza mokle SerTva
ganvixiloT erfaza mokle SerTva eleqtruli sistemis
romelime wertilSi:
A
B
C
KA
I
KB
I
KC
I
nax.21 erTfaza mokle SerTva
sawyis pirobebs eqnebaT Semdegi saxe:
0
KA
U
;
0
KB
I
;
0
KC
I
sawyisi
pirobebis
gamoyenebiT
A
fazis
denis
mdgenelebisaTvis gveqneba:
2
KB
U
1
KC
U
KC
U
KB
U
1
KB
U
2
KC
U
2
KA
U
1
KA
U
KA
U
KC
I
1
KC
I
2
KC
I
1
KA
I
2
KA
I
1
KB
I
2
KB
I
KB
I
89
KA
KC
KB
KA
K
KA
KC
KB
KA
KA
KA
KC
KB
KA
KA
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
a
I
a
I
I
I
I
a
I
a
I
I
3
1
)
(
3
1
3
1
)
(
3
1
3
1
)
(
3
1
0
2
2
2
1
e.i. miviReT:
KA
K
KA
KA
I
I
I
I
3
1
0
2
1
(4.4.1)
A
fazis ZabvisaTvis gveqneba:
0
2
1
0
K
KA
KA
KA
U
U
U
U
ukanasknelSi gaviTvaliswinoT simetriul mdgenelTa meTodis
ZiriTadi gantolebebi, gveqneba:
0
0
0
2
2
1
1
1
X
I
j
X
I
j
X
I
j
E
K
KA
KA
A
(4.4.1)_is
tolobis
gaTvaliswinebiT,
ukanaskneli
gamosaxulebidan miviRebT:
)
(
0
2
1
1
1
X
X
X
j
E
I
A
KA
(4.4.2)
zemoT moyvanil
KA
U
_s gamosaxulebidan:
0
2
1
KA
KA
KA
U
U
U
(4.4.3)
2
1
2
2
2
X
I
j
X
I
U
KA
KA
KA
(4.4.4)
0
1
0
0
0
X
I
j
X
I
U
KA
K
K
(4.4.5)
(4.4.4) da (4.4.5) gaviTvaliswinoT (4.4.3)_Si, gveqneba:
0
2
1
1
X
X
I
j
U
KA
KA
(4.4.6)
A
fazis deni toli iqneba:
1
3
KA
KA
I
I
dauzianebeli fazebis ZabvebisaTvis gveqneba:
1
2
0
2
2
1
0
1
2
1
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
0
1
1
a
X
a
a
X
I
j
X
I
j
X
I
ja
X
X
I
ja
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
KA
KA
KA
KA
K
KA
KA
K
KB
KB
KB
(4.4.8)
1
0
2
2
1
0
1
2
1
2
0
2
1
0
2
2
1
0
1
1
a
X
a
a
X
I
j
X
I
j
X
I
ja
X
X
I
ja
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
KA
KA
KA
KA
K
KA
KA
K
KC
KC
KC
(4.4.9)
Zabvebisa da denebis veqtorul diagramebs erTfaza mokle
SerTvis SemTxvevaSi eqnebaT saxe:
90
nax.22 Zabvebisa da denebis veqtorul diagrama erTfaza mokle SerTvis
dros
$ 4.5orfaza mokle SerTva miwaze
ganvixiloT orfaza mokle SerTva miwaze eleqtruli sistemis
romelime wertilSi:
A
B
C
KA
I
KB
I
KC
I
nax.23 orfaza mokle SerTva miwaze
sawyis pirobebs eqnebaT Semdegi saxe:
0
KA
I
;
0
KB
U
;
0
KC
U
sawyisi pirobebis gamoyenebiT
A
fazis denisaTvis gveqneba:
0
0
2
1
K
KA
KA
KA
I
I
I
I
(4.5.1)
Zabvebis calkeuli mdgenelebisaTvis miviRebT:
KA
KC
KB
KA
KA
KA
KC
KB
KA
KA
KA
KC
KB
KA
K
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
a
U
a
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
2
2
2
1
0
sabolood miviRebT:
KA
K
KA
KA
U
U
U
U
3
1
0
2
1
(4.5.2)
2
KB
U
1
KC
U
KC
U
KB
U
2
KC
U
1
KA
U
1
KB
U
2
KA
U
0
KA
U
2
1
KB
KC
I
I
2
1
KC
KB
I
I
0
2
1
KA
KA
KA
I
I
I
KA
I
91
(4.5.2)
gantolebidan
0
2
K
KA
U
U
.
gaviTvaliswinoT
am
ukanasknelSi
simetriul
mdgenelTa
meTodis
ZiriTadi
gantolebebi, miviRebT:
0
0
2
2
X
I
j
X
I
j
K
KA
(4.5.3)
(4.5.3) tolobis ori mxares davumatoT sidide:
0
2
X
I
j
KA
,
miviRebT:
2
0
0
0
2
2
KA
K
KA
I
I
jX
X
X
I
j
(4.5.4)
(4.5.1)
tolobidan gvaqvs:
1
2
0
KA
KA
K
I
I
I
(4.5.5)
es ukanaskneli gaviTvaliswinoT (4.5.4)_Si:
1
0
0
2
2
KA
KA
I
jX
X
X
I
j
saidanac:
0
2
1
0
2
X
X
I
X
I
KA
KA
(4.5.6)
axla (4.5.3) tolobis orive mxares davumatoT sidide
2
0
X
I
K
,
miviRebT:
0
2
0
0
2
2
X
X
I
j
I
I
jX
K
K
KA
(4.5.7)
(4.5.7)_Si gaviTvaliswinoT (4.5.5) toloba, miviRebT:
0
2
0
1
2
X
X
I
j
I
jX
K
KA
saidanac:
0
2
2
1
0
X
X
X
I
I
KA
K
(4.5.8)
(4.5.6)
da
(4.58)
gamosaxulebebSi
ucnobia
1
KA
I
.
Misi
gansazRvisaTvis
gamoviyenoT
(4.5.2)
gamosaxulebis
Semdegi
toloba:
2
1
KA
KA
U
U
. am ukanasknelSi gaviTvaliswinoT simetriul
mdgenelTa meTodis ZiriTadi gantolebebi, miviRebT:
2
2
1
1
1
X
I
j
X
I
j
E
KA
KA
A
ukanasknelSi Tu gaviTvaliswinebT (4.5.6) gamosaxulebas
miviRebT:
2
0
2
0
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
j
E
I
A
KA
(4.5.9)
gansazRvroT dauzianebeli fazis Zabva_
2
2
2
3
3
X
I
j
U
U
KA
KA
KA
ukanasknelSi gaviTvaliswinoT (4.5.6) gamosaxuleba, miviRebT:
2
0
2
0
1
1
3
X
X
X
X
X
I
U
KA
KA
92
gansazRvroT
B
da C fazebis mokle SerTvis denebi:
2
0
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
0
0
1
1
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
X
X
X
aX
a
I
X
X
X
I
X
X
X
a
I
I
a
I
I
a
I
a
I
I
I
I
KA
KA
KA
KA
K
KA
KA
K
KB
KB
KB
(4.5.10)
analogiurad:
2
0
2
0
2
1
2
0
2
1
2
0
0
2
1
1
0
2
2
1
0
2
1
X
X
X
X
a
a
I
X
X
X
I
X
X
X
a
I
I
a
I
I
a
I
a
I
I
I
I
KA
KA
KA
KA
K
KA
KA
K
KC
KC
KC
(4.5.11)
qvemoT naxazze mocemulia Zabvebisa da denebis veqtoruli
diagramebi.
nax.24 Zabvebisa da denebis veqtoruli diagrama orfaza miwaze mokle
SerTvis dros
2
KB
I
1
KC
I
KC
I
KB
I
2
KC
I
1
KA
I
1
KB
I
2
KA
I
0
KA
I
0
2
1
KA
KA
KA
U
U
U
KA
U
2
1
KC
KB
U
U
2
1
KB
KC
U
U
93
Tavi 5
$5.1 droSi Tanxvedrili erTfaza mokle SerTvebi
arasimetriuli avariuli reJimebis parametrebis gaangariSebis
erTiani meTodikis Camoyalibeba saSualebas iZleva CavataroT
Sesabamisi angariSebi nebismieri saxisa da kombinaciis avariis
dros.
avariuli
situaciebis
aRmweri
gantolebebis
unificirebisaTvis SesaZlebeli gamodga yvela saxis dazianebis
warmodgena erTfaza dazianebiT garkveuli sasazRvro pirobebis
gaTvalswinebiT.
rogorc cnobilia arasimetriuli dazianebebis analizi
eyrdnoba
simetriul
mdgenelTa
meTods,
romlis
arsi
mdgomareobs arasimetriuli reJimis daSlaSi sam simetriul
reJimad: pirdapiri, uku da nulovani mimdevrobis reJimebad raTa
Semdgom TiToeuli mimdevrobis sqemaSigamoyenebuli iqnes yvela
is meTodi, romelic samarTliania simetriuli sistemebisaTvis.
amis uflebas iZleva is debuleba, rom calkeuli mimdevrobis
sqemaSi cirkulirebs mxolod Sesabamisi mimdevrobis denebi da
urTierTkavSiri Zabvebsa da denebs Soris aRiwereba cnobili
kanonebiT, xolo kavSiri mimdevrobebs Soris myardeba avariis
adgilas im sasazRvro pirobebis mixedviT, romelic axasiaTebs
ama Tu im dazianebas. amgvarad winaswar unda dadgindes
pirdapiri, uku da nulovani mimdevrobis sqemebis pasiuri
parametrebi
da
gaiTvalos
maTi
Sesabamisi
kvanZuri
gamtareblobisa da kvanZuri winaRobebis matricebi ganivi
asimetriis SemTxvevaSi, konturul winaRobebisa da Stoebis
gamtareblobebis matricebi grZivi asimetriis SemTxvevaSi da a.S.
fazis operatori a, romlis moduli udris erTs, xolo
argumenti
0
120
, saSualebas iZleva calkeuli simetriuli
sistemis veqtori gamovsaxoT imave sistemis romelime erTi
veqtoriT.
nebismieri saxis arasimetriuli reJimi SeiZleba warmodgenili
iqnes erTfaza dazianebebis Sesabamisi eleqtruli reJimebis
94
superpoziciiT. es saSualebas mogvcems sxvadasxva saxis
arasimetriuli reJimi, da maT Soris mokle SerTvebic, aRvweroT
wrfivi erTgvarovani gantolebebiT, rac Tavis mxriv SeuzRudavs
gaxdis
analizs
SesaZlo
avariebis
raodenobisa
da
adgilmdebareobis miuxedavad.
fizikur modelSi, romlis eleqtruli reJimi aRiwereba
aRniSnuli unificirebuli gantolebebiT, mokle SerTvis denebis
modelireba
dazianebis
adgilas
xdeba
denis
wyaroebiT,
romlebic Sesabamisi gantolebebis amoxsnis Semdeg iqnebian
mokle SerTvis denebis toli, xolo Zabvebi fazis gawyvetis
adgilas, modelirebuli iqnebian Zabvis wyaroebiT, romlebic
ganisazRvrebian Sesabamisi gantolebebiT.
Tu mokle SerTvis modelirebas movaxdenT dazianebis
adgilas idealuri denis wyaroebis CarTviT, maSin am denis
wyaroebis urTierTqmedebis aRmweri gantolebebis koeficientebi
ucvleli iqneba mokle SerTvis raodenobisa da maTi kombinaciis
miuxedavad (idealuri denis wyaros usasrulod didi wianRobis
gamo).
gantolebebis koeficientebi, anu kvanZebis sakuTari da
urTierTwinaRobebi ganivi asimetriis dros gaTvlili unda iyos
winaswar (sawyisi qselis Sesabamisad) pirdapiri, uku da
nulovani
mimdevrobis
sqemebisaTvis.
kvanZuri
winaRobebis
matricis elementebi ucvleli rCebian avariebis raodenobisa da
kombinaciebis miuxedavad.
grZivi asimetriis dros Sesabamisad winaswar gaTvlili unda
iyos Stoebis sakuTari da yrTierTgamtareblobebis matricebi
pirdapiri, uku da nulovani mimdevrobis sqemebisaTvis, romelTa
elementebi asaeve ucvleli iqnebian nebismieri saxisa da
raodenobis grZivi dazianebis dros. amis saSualebas iZleva
grZivi asimetriis modelireba Zabvis wyaroebiT (am wyaroebis
Siga nulovani sididis winaRobis gamo).
95
amJamad, ganxilvis obieqtia ganivi asimetriuli reJimebi.
ganvixiloT sami erTdrouli erTfaza mokle SerTvebi i, j da k
kvanZebSi Sesabamisad A, B da C fazebze.
rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, pirdapiri da uku mimdevrobis sqemebi
warmoadgenen simetriul samfaza sqemebs, sadac adgili aqvs
samfaza mokle SerTvebs
k
j
i
,
,
kvanZebSi, rac asaxulia nax.25_ze
da nax.26_ze.
nulovani
mimdevrobis
sqemaSi
(nax.27)
yvela
k
j
i
,
,
kvanZebisaTvis A, B, C fazebSi gamavali denebi sididiTa da
faziT toli, anu
0
0
0
C
B
A
I
I
I
pirdapiri da uku mimdevrobis sqemebSi dazianebis adgilas
denebi warmodgenili arian gansakuTrebuli fazis denebisa da
veqtoris Zvris a operatoris meSveobiT, raTa Semdgom ucnobTa
ricxvis Semcirebis mizniT gamoviyenoT is damatebiTi pirobebi,
romlebsac adgili aqvT erTfaza mokle SerTvis dros
dazianebis adgilas, kerZod:
0
I
I
I
da
0
0
U
U
U
.
amrigad, pirdapiri da uku mimdevrobis sqemebis i kvanZSi B da
C
fazis denebi (dazianebis adgilas) gamosaxulia A fazis denis
saSualebiT, j kvanZSi A da C fazis denebi B fazis denis
meSveobiT, xolo k kvanZSi A da B fazis denebi _ C fazis deniT
(nax.25, nax.26)
i
kvanZisaTvis
0
0
0
iA
iA
iA
iA
iA
iA
U
U
U
I
I
I
(5.1.1)
j
kvanZisaTvis
0
0
0
jB
jB
jB
jB
jB
jB
U
U
U
I
I
I
(5.1.2)
k
kvanZisaTvis
0
0
0
kC
kC
kC
kC
kC
kC
U
U
U
I
I
I
(5.1.3)
Tu pirdapiri, uku da nulovani mimdevrobis sqemebSi (nax.25,
nax.26, nax.27) dazianebis adgilas gamaval denebs warmovadgenT am
denebis toli sididisa da mimarTulebis mqone denis wyaroebiT,
maSin am qselebSi arsebuli eleqtruli reJimebi ucvleli iqneba,
96
xolo dazianebis adgilis modelireba usasrulod didi
winaRobis mqone denis wyaroebiT, saSualebas mogvcems sistemis
mdgomareobis amsaxvel gantolebebSi koeficientebad gamoviyenoT
saTanado mimdevrobis qselis kvanZuri parametrebi _ kvanZebis
sakuTari da urTierT winaRobebi, romelTa mniSvneloba ar
Seicvleba
dazianebis
raodenobisa
da
adgilmdebareobis
mixedviT (nax. 28, 29, 30).
A
B
C
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