Yusifov E. F., Hacıyev V. C
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Types
Family Genus Sort Sporaceae 9 13 15 Gymnospermae 2 2 3 Angiospermae 65 255 463 Including monoecious 22 60 81 Dioecious 43 180 480 Forest vegetation cover Hyrcan biosphere reservation as it was above mentioned includes Lenkoran, Lerik, and Astara administrative districts of Republic. The territory of reservation stretch from sea coast up to lower mountain zone (Burovar mountain ridge), Middle mountain zone (Peshtasar mountain ridge) and high mountain zone (Talysh mountain ridge). In the first part (lower mountain zone) the outskirts of cities, vil- lages, gardens, fields (plantations of tea and citric plants, vegetables and grains, kitchen-garden) are included. 2. Middle mountain zone is also covered by villages, forest glades, citric gardens, pasture lands and natural mixed Hyrcan forests. 3.The high mountain zone is covered by Hyrcan forest. The hay- making and pasture have been formed The combined forests of Hyrcan origin, especially iron tree (Parro- tia persica, Quercus castanifolia, Carpinus macrocarpa C. orientalis, Zelkova carpinifolia) are encounted in each 3 zones. Alnus barbata in the swampy places, grassy plants Carex remota, Cardamine tenera, Lycopus europaeus and tens other grassy plants are considered to be constant plants in these forests. Ficus carica, Pinuca granatum, Buxus sempervirens, Ruscus hyrcana, Grataegus monoguna, and grass plants Rumex, Sambucus, Poa, Primula, Viola, Solanum, Op- lismenus, Carex, Allum, Sedum, Crocus and a lot of spesies from other genus are encountered. 120 The iron tree (Parrotia persica) is not growing in the middle mountain zone, it is substituted by Beech (Fagus orientalis) on the northern slopes and on the south by chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia). Oak becomes pre- vailing on this altitude. The true broad-leaved Hyrcan forest is devel- oped here. Fagus orientalis, Taxus baccata, Carpinus betulus, Zeel- kova carpinifolia are widespread besides of oak in such type forests, grassy plants on the 3-rd circle of forest: Carex, Mentha, Brachypo- dium, Orobus, Solanum, Festuca, Bromus are meet. Liana-likes (twining) are absent here in this type forest. The for- est in middle zone as compare with lower zone is not thick, it is clear, lianas does not strangle of trees, so it is pleasant to walk there. The forest species are well developed and their heights reach 20-25 m, sometimes 30m. Forest is very light. Due to normal diameter of trees, the conditions are favorable for growth of grassy vegetation in lower ground and grain plants formed lawn-type meadows. The vegetation of this zone should be very im- portant for tourist. Beech (Fagus orientalis) prevail and is forming a Hyrcan forest, at the same time the under – forest plants put together a macority. Hedera pastuchowi creates a liana-type environment by creeping on large trees. The representives of under-growth plants Ilex, Danae, Mespilus, Grataegus are encountered. Sorbus torminalis, Pinus sp., Cynodia oblonga, Pyrus, Roza, Rubus and 1-2 sorts of bushy plants are growing on these slopes. The grassy herbage are abundant here. Taxus baccata-an evergreen conifer is widespread in Caucasian forests. This species being widespread in mixed Hyrcan forest, is forming alone dark forests near of Siyov village. Grossgeym in 1926 described Carpinus schuschacnsis and Lonireca iberica types, 45 species were revealed by me in 1979 year. Grossheym A.A. ex- plained this forest state as a re-establishment. It seems that forest around Siyov village was cut down in the past. The restored plants were xerophytes that is manifested at present. The relief becomes severe, a rocks increase, the forest is normally developing during rising from sea line to altitude. The changes are perceptible only in landscape. The forest is growing in the form of spots due to pure and stony soil cover as compare with low zones. The combined, many-component forest are formed by Quercus macranthera on the first place and Carpinus orientalis on the second place. 3 kinds of |