Dialogue communicative structures
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It is commonly believed that competence is a system of rules, which
can generate an infinite number of syntactic, phonological, and semantic
structures [1: 19]. The syntactic component, as one of the three main com-
ponents of generative grammar, determines a set
of abstract objects, which
include all information necessary for the interpretation of a certain sentence.
The phonological component determines a phonetic form of a sentence, and
the semantic component determines semantic interpretation. Therefore, using
a language means the real use of a language, i.e. competence in a
certain sit-
uation. The communicative competence model of persons learning a lan-
guage includes “lingual, speech, strategic, sociocultural, conversational (dis-
cursive), social, pragmatic, intellectual, and personal competence” [2: 261].
The necessity of forming communicative competence for using a foreign
language in different fields of human activity conditions the attention paid
by teachers and researchers to a dialogue as the most common phenomenon
of oral speech. Communicants' participation in a dialogue on a comprehensi-
ble topic and emotionally comfort conditions imply
adequate acceptance of
different conversational situations and choosing familiar roles.
The main purpose of the study is creating
effective dialogical mod-
els suitable for practical use in learning a foreign language.
Discussion
Communicative strategies and approaches. Communication without
any communication barrier is considered to be effective communication. The
creation of effective dialogical models facilitate clearing communication
barriers and transferring communication to more comfortable conversational
situation: vocabulary maximally understandable for a conversation partner is
used, familiar conversation topics are implied. “Communicants' language
behaviour models depend both on their role in each certain act of conversa-
tion (verbal communication), and on the conditions and goals of such com-
munication, as well as on certain constants such as any person's age, educa-
tion, psychological make-up, social status, national and cultural background,
etc.” [3: 13]. Under the conditions of multinational groups and groups with
mixed age communication success or unsuccess (failure) in many respects
depends on approaches and strategies chosen by communicants.
O.S. Issers from the perspective of cognitive approach defines a com-
municative strategy “as a complex of speech acts
aimed at achieving com-
municative goals, which includes planning the process of verbal communica-
tion depending on certain conditions of communication and communicants'
individuality, as well as on the implementation of such a plan” [4: 100].
According to E.K. Kliuyev, a communicative strategy is “a part of
communicative behaviour or communicative interaction, in which a range of
different verbal and nonverbal means is used for achieving a communicative