1.5. Language aptitude Good second language speakers are often considered to be talented people with special verbal
abilities who possess more than one
to understand and acquire knowledge in order to use
it in new situations. Various empirical studies (Gardner
Lambert, 1972; Skehan, 1982; Silva
White 2002)
investigated the relationship between IQ and the capacity for learning
foreign languages but
found only a
of
therefore, Spearman's
traditional static concept of intelligence' cannot be used as a predictor of successful language
learning. Silva and White, psychologists ofthe U.S. Army Research Institute, studied the relation
of cognitive aptitudes to success in foreign language learning of over 5000 students at American
military academies and concluded that "future research should involve experimentation with
alternative models not narrowly dependent on a general aptitude battery and static (as opposed
to rate of change) performance data. Of particular interest would be alternative models that
explicate the relation among a variety of predictors and individual differences in learning rates
at different points in the language learning process" (Silva and White, 2002: 92).
Although most individuals are capable of learning a second language to
degree of
leamers are better equipped for the second language learning task than others.
In Gardner's scheme, the verbal-linguistic intelligence
not make direct
to second
language learning. However, there seems to be a very plausible link as people with a high
linguistic intelligence are those that tend to think in words (Nolen 2003) and that
the ability
to use language effectively both orally and in writing (Christison and Kennedy,
that is to
say, those who
a high
of sensitivity to sounds or phonology, sentence
or
syntax, meaning or semantics and illocutionary force or pragmatics (Armstrong, 1999).
Skehan (1998) reviewed empirical research done on language aptitude, and defined this
human capacity as a triarchic concept based on "auditory ability, linguistic ability and memory
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