International
English
Multiple Intelligence Theory and Foreign Language Learning:
A
Brain-based Perspective
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory
presented as a cognitive perspective on intelligence
which has profound implications for education in general. More
it
has led to
application of eight of these frames to language teaching and learning. In this chapter, we will
argue in favour of the application of MIT to the
EFL
classroom, using as support
of the
major insights for language teaching from brain science.
K
EYWORDS
:
foreign and second language learning, learning styles,
Multiple Intelligences
Theory, neuroscience and language learning, stimulus appraisal, motivation
INTRODUCTION
Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory (MIT) (1 983,1999) an important contribution
to cognitive science and constitutes a learner-based philosophy which "an increasingly popular
approach to characterizing the ways in which learners are unique and to developing instruction
to respond to this uniqueness" (Richards
Rodgers, 2001: 123). MIT a rationalist model that
describes nine different intelligences.
It has evolved in
to the need to reach a better
*
Addressfor correspondence: Departamento de Filologia Inglesa, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain, E-mail:
Departamentode
Universidadde Huelva, Huelva, Spain, E-mail:
O Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidad de Murcia.
reserved.
vol. 4
2004, pp. 119-136
Jane
M
Carmen
understanding of how cognitive individual differences can be addressed and developed in the
classroom. Gardner (1 999) and his research associates identified the mathematical-logical, the
verbal-linguistic,
the musical-rhythmic, the bodily-kinaesthetic, the
the
intrapersonal, the visual-spatial, the naturalist and the existential intelligences. The following
criteria
used in MIT to identify an intelligence: it "entails
the ability to
problems",
involves a "biological proclivity", it has "an identifiable neurological core
operation or set of operations" and it is "susceptible to encoding in a symbol system
...
which
captures and conveys important forms of information" (Gardner 1999: 15-16).
These different intelligences reflect a pluralistic panorama of learners' individual
differences;
they are understood as personal
each individual possesses to make sense out
of new information and to store it in such a way that it can be easily retrieved when needed for
use. The different intelligences are of neutral value; none of them is considered superior to the
others. In their basic form, they are present to
extent in everyone, although a person
generally
be more talented in
than in others. Each of these frames is autonomous,
changeable and trainable (Armstrong, 1999) and they interact to facilitate the solution of daily
problems.
In this chapter, MIT in the EFL classroom
be considered as a framework that can
language teachers to give recognition to the holistic nature of learners and to address student
diversity. It enables teachers to organize avariety of contexts that offer learners a variety of ways
to engage meaning and strengthen memory pathways;
it is a teacher-friendly
for
planning that can increase the attractiveness of language learning tasks and therefore
favourable motivational conditions.