and Foreign Language Learning
127
for images (Paivio 1986). It basically through our imagery system that we access knowledge
of the nonlinguistic world. Affective reactions are nonverbal and
would seem to connect to
nonverbal cognitive processes such as imagery. Given this, "it can be inferred that [there exists]
a significant relationship between text concreteness
its imagery-evoking value) and
affective responses such as reader interest, and
that interest would accompany, or possibly
concreteness as a predictor of comprehension and
(Sadoski, Goetz
Fritz,
1993: 28 1). The connection ofwords with experience and with emotional responses gives words
their meaning. The more connections between images and words in the target language, the
better.
It
is easy to
the visual-spatial intelligence. Words are, in a sense, glued to
images. For example, telling
students
to think of a pink pig" will immediately
bring this
image to mind. Asking learners to remember their most enjoyable experience o r t o imagine a trip
they would like to take or their ideal house can be a stimulus for different types of activities in
the language classroom. In work with reading comprehension when mental images are used
systematically they
a very useful learning strategy, due to the fact that visualizing while
trying to understand a text is
for meaning making (Tomlinson, 1998).
Many students
find that visual teaching aids such as charts, pictures,
drawings,
slides, posters, and videos enhance their coping ability in the second language
they
facilitate information retrieval.
11.3.
The logical-mathematical frame
Our logical-mathematical intelligence gives us the ability to use numbers effectively and to
understand the underlying
of a causal system. Mathematicians and scientists, whose
work involves recognizing patterns and explaining
the physical universe,
this capacity
highly developed. In the classroom reasoning strategies, an important aspect of the
mathematical intelligence, can be taught; and Armstrong
tactics
that can be used at different phases of problem solving: "find analogies;
the various
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