Karshi state university master of arts department

The research results are of theoretical and practical importance. The theoretical significance of the study is that, based on the analysis of discursive distributions, the sign specificity of the phraseological unit is revealed. In the system - language description, phraseological units are usually presented as signs of secondary predication, but in the discourse they behave like signs of illocution. The study contributes to further linguistic understanding of the discursive means of enhanced influence on the participants of the discourse. The application of the theory of speech acts, the theory of intentional states, the theory of discourse and a number of propositions of the theory of argumentation and the theory of metaphor to the study of phraseological unit allows you to build a complex model of phraseological unit as a means of expression and speech influence.
- The practical value of the work is determined by the possibility of using its provisions in courses on phraseology, in special courses on the theory of interpretation, on the analysis of discourse, while managing coursework and dissertations. The material presented in the theory, the results of its analysis can be used in the practice of teaching English, in particular, in teaching methods of speech exposure.
The structure of the research work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography, lists of used dictionaries and cited works. Chapter I deals with categorical and semiotic characteristics of phraseological phenomenon.
Chapter II deals with Theoretical foundation of the research of pragmatic-communicative types of phraseological unit.
Chapter III deals with discoursive characteristics of the phraseology. Total is 61 pages.


CHAPTER I. CATEGORIAL AND SEMIOTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL PHENOMENEN

1. 
   Category of phraseological unit
   

Onomasiological category indicates a degree of quality, a measure of quantity, in other words, calls the objective quantitative definiteness of a particular trait. In the present study, which is carried out from the standpoint of a discourse researcher, category of phraseological is understood as a semantic category expressing the measure of the total illocutionary power of discourse, the degree of expression of the intentionality of its participants.
Until recently, the problem of phraseology remained the least studied in linguistics. An analysis of the existing linguistic literature has shown that questions relating to the intensity in the field of phraseology have been raised in a number of studies on the material of various languages. On the material of the German language, the phraseological method of amplification is given attention in the dissertation research by I.I. Sushchinsky.
In his work the study of the system of means of expression of a high degree of a trait, he devotes an entire chapter to a phraseological strengthening method. Observations made by a scientist show that the meaning of a high degree of a sign is realized by phraseological units either by comparison or by hyperbolization of a sign or action indicating the effect to which unusual idiom results in the manifestation of this action or sign. “PU - potentiators endowed with the ability to inform about a high degree of a trait”⁶.
For the first time, the question of phraseology of the English language was raised in Logan P. Smit’s work “English Idioms”, which was first published in the works of “Society for Pure English” in 1922, and then included by the author in his book “Words and Idioms. Studies in the English Language” (“Words and Idioms. Studies in the English Language,” first edition in 1925). In it, we find the first mention of the phraseological units with the gain value.
Without setting himself the task of examining the specifics of these units, Logan P. Smith only states that there is a small group of phraseological units in the language — comparative turns with concentration value and lists them. An English scientist gives a list of 23 comparative units, as an example, we will give some of them: as a bit, as a bit like cross as two sticks⁷.
Evidence of attention to the study of the problem of strength in the phraseology of the English language over the past decades is represented by studies, articles, and individual remarks that examine the structural - semantic transformations of phraseological units, their meaning, comparative phraseological units with the meaning of amplification, syntactic idiomatics, and the phraseological intensifiers themselves.
N.P. Geraskina⁸, I.Ya. Svintsitsky⁹ and A.F. Artyomov¹⁰ in dissertation studies consider structural-semantic transformations of phraseological units aimed at enhancing their value.
These transformations include: wedging in, replacing components and adding. Structural changes entail a change in semantics, because the wedging element becomes one of the direct components of the semantic structure of phraseological units and reinforces the meaning of a phraseological unit¹¹. For example: in the phrase “a big bee in one’s bonnet”, increasing the value of the phraseological unit a bee in one’s bonnet (“fad”, “fad”) is used to insert the adjective big. The meaning of the “mad as a hornet” zoomorphism is enhanced by wedging the number six in the phraseological units - mad as six hornets¹². The “addition” method belongs to the same group of structural - semantic methods. Thus, the addition of the bureaucratic element in the red tape (“red tape”, “formalism”) contributes to the strengthening of the meaning of a phraseological unit Geraskina. N.Geraskina notes an important feature of these structural and semantic transformations: “Thanks to such structural and semantic methods, the expressiveness, and consequently, the influencing power of parliamentary speeches, is greatly enhanced”¹³.
A similar idea is contained in the work of A.F. Artemova. Studying the meaning of phraseological units and their pragmatic potential, it indicates the fact that phraseological units as a means of influencing the listener is not associated with any quantitative qualification of the phenomenon, but only with one that demonstrates deviation from the norm. The author explains this statement with the following example: Women jump to conclusion that men do not. The expression to jump to conclusion characterizes, as A.F. Artemov considers, one of the features inherent in women, who, unlike men, do not always come to the right conclusions and do not always think about the action being performed, often succumbing to any impulses. / to come to conclusion / to jump to conclusion can be interpreted in terms of the degree of measure as to come to conclusion very quickly¹⁴. However, the phraseologism, according to A.F. Artemova, actualizes not so much the action “to arrive at the conclusion”, as its high degree, and not so much the real action - “to come to the conclusion very quickly”, as the idea of ​​such an action. In other words, - and this is consistent with the dominant of our research - from the world of observation and indication, meaning moves into the world of imagination and experience.
I.Ya.Svintsitsky, exploring the phraseological means of subjective personality assessment, identifies a group of phraseological units with somatic components: eye, ear, elbow, eyebrow, etc., which are represented by the up + N.som model. and contain in the dictionary definitions semes: “completеly”, “very much”, “deeply”. They are used to reinforce positive and negative connotations, for example: “All the big capitalist powers were“¹⁵.
The syntactic idiomatics was considered in the works of G. Kirkhner and I.I. Turansky. In G. Kirchner in the work “Gradadverbien” we find the following list of expressions having the construction “good and + Adj. / Part. ”: Good and angry, good and happy, good and angry, good and… good and good, good and ready These expressions reinforce the verb action or state¹⁶.
I.Turansky identifies two more syntactic constructions: the construction “... and then some”, the final sentence and following the predicative or predicative group, and the construction “but + Adj.”, Used separately and functioning as a verb adjunct. For example: He is a genius and then some.