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II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS 

56 

 Qafqaz University                         

          18-19 April 2014, Baku, Azerbaijan 

THE STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF SOME METAL NANOPARTICLES ON THE 

PLASMOLYSIS IN THE CELL OF LEAVES OF ELODEA 

 

Farida SHAHBAZOVA, I.S. AHMADOV 

Baku State University 

[e-mail] 

AZƏRBAYCAN 

 

As a physical barrier between cytoplasm and extracellular space, the plant cell wall and plasma membrane  serve  as a 

important structural system of entry to nanoparticles (NPs). This entry can take place via endocytosis, by simple diffusion 

without persistent cell wall and membrane damage, or by disruption of plasma membrane integrity. Pores  in the cell wall 

smaller than 1 μm in diameter can be sealed, and, therefore, NPs can cross the cell wall passively without causing manifest 

cell damage. The study of nanoparticles uptake in plant cells is important for the understanding interaction mechanism of 

nanoparticles with intracellular components and processes which cause to toxicity. Understanding the principles of how 

nanoparticles can transmigrate into cells could enable greater control over cellular uptake and would improve prediction of 

possible toxic effects. Nanoparticles may enter plant cells through osmotic pressure, capillary forces, pores across the cell 

wall, which has a thickness ranging from 5 to 20 nm, determines its sieving properties [1]. 

The present study examines cellular interaction of nanoparticles for theirphytotoxicity through plasmolysis of cells. 

The 

observation of plasmolysis can be used to determine tonicity of cell's environment and rate of toxicity of nanoparticles. 

In 

experimentswere usedleaves of Elodea Canadensis and three  types of nanoparticles  - ZnO, CuO and  Fe

2

O

3

 with a particle 

size of 10  nm, 40 nm  and  20 nm. Given nanoparticles were produced by Skyspring Nanomaterials.Inc, USA, Houston TX. 

The experiments have been conducted in the following stages: the leaves are allocated from branches of elodea and 

were exposurein APW (1,0mMNaCl, 0,1 mMKCl, 0,1 mM CaCl

2

 )  solution about one hour and then in dispersed solution 

of nanoparticles with concentration of 1 mg/ml.Leaves of elodea from in dispersed solution of nanoparticles were placed in 

a solution of 6% NaCl. After exposure 6 or 12  minutes in the  6% NaCl solution was fixed  traditional plasmolysis. In the 

cells of elodea with the largest vacuoles, organelles, clear protoplasts rotation the plasmolysis well monitored under the 

microscope.  

The elodea cell plasma membrane immediately pulls away from the cell wall during plasmolysis as water 

leaves the cell through osmosis. 

The progression of plasmolysis was monitored with a microscope and video camera and 

photos are made.  

There are various reports where have been studied the toxicity of nZnO, CuO and Fe

2

O

3

 which for indicators used cell 

culture, seed germination, root elongation, and different physiological processes of plant cells. Among these particles, was 

most phytotoxic ZnO, followed by CuO and Fe

2

O

3

 was no toxic.  

The main purpose of the experiments was the study of the effects of nanoparticles on the  the progress, character and 

form of plasmolysis. For this purpose the leaves of elodea are taken from APW solution and  has been influenced by the 6% 

NaCl  and  was determined the duration of the plasmolysis. It was found that , within 6 minutes plasmolysis process is 

continues , but it ends up completely after 12 minutes.  Therefore, in experiments the duration of plasmolysis determined  

between 6 and 12 minutes. In primary  experiments the character of plasmolysis was studied  depending of  exposure period 

and   type of nanoparticles. Figure 1 displays the plasmolysis after 30 minutes exposure in given nanoparticles.  As you can 

see from the picture the plasmolysis occurred varied depending on the nature and shape of the nanoparticles. Significant 

change of form of plasmolysis was observed in the leaves from ZnO nanoparticles.  

The form and character of plasmolysis  inCuO nanoparticles are little difference  than control. The form of plasmolysis 

also differs in FeO than in control.  

Thus the results of experiments show that the nanoparticles can influence the  nature and form of plasmolysis process. 

By the changes of form and character of plasmolysis allow us to evaluate the toxic effects of nanoparticles. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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