N A Z O R A T S A V O L L A R I
1. Parchalash kamerasining ishlash prinsipi.
2. Fosforitning miqdorini o'lchash apparatlari (dozatorlar).
3. Oddiy superfosfatning kamchiliklari nimadan iborat?
4. Rcaksion kameraning qurilishi.
5. Parchalanish kocffitsiyenti nima?
6. Oddiy superfosfatning tarkibi.
7. Qanday qilib oddiy superfosfatni neytrallash mumkin?
8. Parchalash kamerasining aylanish tezligi.
9. Oddiy superfosfat olish jarayonida sulfat kislotasining miqdori qanday
bo‘lishi kerak?
10. Ftor birikmalari qanday qilib ushlanadi?
2.2. Q O ‘S H S U P E R F O S F A T I S H L A B C H I Q A R I S H N I N G
NAZARIY A S O S L A R I VA T E X N O L O G I Y A S I
Q o ‘sh su p erfo sfat. Q o ‘shsuperfosfat deb tab iatdagi fosforitlarni fos
fo r kislotasi b ila n p a r c h a l a s h n a tija s id a o l i n g a n m a h s u l o t g a aytiladi.
S h u n in g u c h u n q o ‘sh su p erfo sfat aso sa n m o n o k a ls iy d a n ib o rat b o ‘lib,
deyarli kalsiy sulfati b o ‘lm aydi. O d a td a q o ‘s h su p e rf o sfa t olish u c h u n
ek stra k sio n kislota ishlatilgani sababli o z m i q d o r d a kalsiy sulfati hosil
b o ‘lishi m u m k i n , c h u n k i E F K d a e r k in h o l a t d a g i su lfa t kislo ta si
b o ‘lishi m u m k in .
Q o ‘s h s u p e rf o s fa t o d d iy su p e r fo s fa tg a n i s b a t a n P 20 5ga ik k i - u c h
m a r ta boy, y a ’ni 4 2 —50% ga q a d a r P 20 5ga ega b o ‘lgan k o n se n trla n g a n
334
o ‘g ‘itla r t u r k u m i g a k ira d i. F o s fo ritn i fosfor kislotasi b ila n p a r c h a
lan ish j a r a y o n i q u y id a g i r e a k s iy a la r b o ‘y ic h a k etad i:
C a 3( P 0 4) 2 + 4 H 3P 0 4 + 3 H 20 - > 3 C a ( H 2P 0 4) 2 - H 20
C a 3( P 0 4) 3 • F + 7 H 3P 0 4 + 5 H 20 - > 5 C a ( H 2P 0 4) 2 • H F
C a M g ( C 0 3) 2 + 4 H 2P 0 4 = C a ( H 2P 0 4)2 • H 20 +
M g ( H 2P 0 4) 2 • H 20 + C 0 2 + H 20
F o s f o r k is lo ta s in in g m i q d o r i y u q o r id a k o ‘rsa tilg a n t e n g la m a la r
va f o s f o r i t n i n g t a r k i b i d a a r a l a s h m a l a r n i n a z a r g a o lib h is o b la s h
m u m k in . Q o ‘s h s u p e rf o s fa t ishlab c h iq a r is h d a ikki usul bilan o lin ad i.
B irin c h i k a m e r a u suli, o d d iy su p e r fo s fa t o lis h g a o ‘xsh ash fosforit
y u q o ri k o n s e n tr a ts iy a li ( 5 2 —54% P 20 5) fo sfo r kislotasi b ila n ish
la n a d i. I k k i n c h i k a m e r s iz u su l, b u usul b o ‘y i c h a fosforit 2 4 —36%
P 20 5 fo sfo r kislo ta si b ila n p a r c h a l a n a d i . Q o ‘s h s u p e r f o s f a tn in g olish
j a r a y o n i ikki b o s q i c h d a n ib o ra t. B irin c h i b o s q i c h d a fosforit fo sfo r
kislotasi b i l a n a r a la s h tir is h j a r a y o n i d a m a h s u l o t , y a ’ni m o n o k a ls iy
fosfat su y u q fa z a d a hosil b o ‘ladi. Ik k in c h i b o s q ic h d a esa e r itm a asta-
se k in m o n o k a l s i y b ila n b o y ib , t o ‘y in a b o s h la y d i, y a ’ni kristall hosil
b o ‘lib, e r i t m a q u y u q la s h a b o r a d i. H osil b o ‘lg an k rista lla r fosforit
z a r r a c h a l a r in i q o p la b , v o d o r o d io n in i re ak siy ag a kirishga im k o n iy a t
b e r m a y d i. S h u n in g u c h u n re a k siy a tezligi p a s a y a b o s h la y d i. E r itm a
m o n o k a ls iy v a d ik alsiy fo sfat b ila n t o ‘y in g a n d a n s o ‘ng p a r c h a l a n i s h
reaksiya dey a rli t o ‘xtaydi. F o s fo ritn in g p a r c h a la n is h ja r a y o n in i tez
ketishi u c h u n k a m e r a siz u su ld a b irin c h i b o sq ic h s u y u q fosfor kislotasi
( E F K ) b ila n olib b o rilad i. Ik k in c h i b o s q ic h n i te z la tish u c h u n t e m p e
ra tu r a k o ‘ta rila d i, n a tija d a fosfor kislotasining, yani v o d o ro d io n ining
k o n s e n tra tsiy a si o sh a d i va reaksiya d a v o m e tadi. Bu ja ra y o n m axsus
q u ritg ic h -d o n a la sh tirish (granulatsiya) b a r a b a n id a (B G S ) olib boriladi.
Q o ‘sh su p erfo sfatn i k a m e r a siz usul bilan ishlab ch iq a rish 2 .6 -ra s m -
d a ta s v irla n g a n .
F o s fo rit b u n k e r d a n tr a s p o r ty o r ta s m a s i o rq a li ta ro z ig a y u b o rila d i
(2 . 6 - r a s m ) v a t o r tilg a n fosforit a r a la s h tir g ic h a p p a r a tig a (3) y u b o r i
ladi. A ra la s h tir g ic h g a b i r v a q td a e k s tra k s io n fo s fo r kislotasi ( 2 8 —
36% P 20 5 E F K ) keladi. A ra la sh tirg ic h d a n uzluksiz ravishda aralashm a
re a k to rg a (5) j o ‘n atilad i. A r a la s h m a 6 0 —90 m i n u t d a v o m id a r e a k to r-
d a 7 0 — 100°C t e m p e r a t u r a d a 5 0 % g a q a d a r p a r c h a l a n a d i , m a s s a
q u y u q la s h g a n i sababli p a r c h a l a n i s h j a r a y o n i s e k in la s h a d i. J a r a y o n n i
d a v o m e ttiris h va te z la tish u c h u n , a r a la s h m a n a so s (6) y o rd a m i bilan
B G S a p p a r a t i g a (7) y u b o rila d i. A r a l a s h m a s u y u q b o ‘lgani sababli
B G S g a m a ’l u m b ir m i q d o r d a r e tu r ( m a h s u l o t n i m a y d a fraksiyasi)
335
Ahsorbsiva
uchun gaz
Aralashma
Ahsorbsiya
uchun gaz
Dostları ilə paylaş: |