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Qiziqishning p six o lo g ik tavsifi
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Qiziqishning p six o lo g ik tavsifi Q i z i q i s h sh a x s n in g m u h i m p s i x o l o g ik j a b h a l a r i d a n h iso b la n ib , u n d a bevosita i n s o n n i n g individual x u s u s iy a ti m u j a s s a m la s h g a n b o l a d i . Q i z i q i s h — in s o n la r n in g d u n y o - q a r a s h i, e ’tiq o d la ri, idcallari, y a ' n i u n i n g oliy m a q s a d l a r i , ezgu n iy a tla ri, o r z u - u m id l a r i b o ‘lib, u n i n g s h a k l l a n i s h i d a bevosita m u h i m rol o lynaydi h a m d a u la rn in g m u vaffaqiyatli k e c h is h in i t a ’m in la sh u c h u n x i z m a t qiladi. Q iz i q is h bilim larn i o n g l i , p u x t a , b a r q a r o r a n g l a g a n h o ld a o ‘zlashtirishga, ko‘n i k m a v a m a la k a la rn i s h a k l l a n t i - ri s h g a , s h a x s n i n g q o b i l i y a t i n i r i v o j l a n t i r i s h g a , o l a m n i m u k a m m a l r o q tushunishga, b ilim saviyasining k e n g a y is h ig a y o r d a m b erad i. Q iziq ish m o tiv singari b o r l i q n i n g m o ‘j i z a k o r t o m o n - larini bilishga, fan asoslarini eg a lla s h g a , faoliyatning t u r l i - t u m a n shakllariga ijodiy y o n d a s h i s h n i vujudga k e l t ir i s h g a y o r d a m b e r a d i, m ehnatga, t a 'l i m g a m a s ’uliyat bilan m u n o - 93 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi sab a td a boMishni sh a k lla n tira d i, h a r qaysi y a k k a h o l shaxsda ishchanlik, g 'a y r a t - s h i j o a t , egilmas irodani ta rk ib toptirishga pu x ta psixologik s h a r t- s h a r o i tl a r yaratadi. Q i z i q i s h n i n g p s i x o l o g i k m o h i y a t i d a n k e l i b c h i q i b a y ta d ig a n b o ‘lsak, q i z i q i s h , insonda intilish, faollik, ichki tu rtk i, e h tiy o jn i r o ‘y o b g a chiqarish m a n b a y id ir. J a h o n p s i x o l o g i y a f a n i n i n g y i r i k n a m o y a n d a l a r i sh a x s n in g q i z i q i s h i n i lin in g yaxlit r u h i y d u n y o s i b ilan , b i n o b a r i n , o d a m n i n g a q l i y faoliyati, b ilis h j a r a y o n l a r i , i r o d a s i , x a r a k t e r i , t c m p e r a m e n t i , h i s s iy o t i , q o b i l iy a t i b ilan , u m u m a n o l g a n d a , inson tuzilishining b a r c h a qirralari b ila n b o g l i q t a r z d a tu s h u n tir is h g a h a ra k a t q ilganlar. Q i z i q i s h m u a m m o s i p s ix o lo g ik n u q t a y i n a z a r d a n h o z i r g a c h a N . A . R i b n i k o v , N . F . D o b r i n i n , N . D .L e v i to v , M .F . B e ly a y e v , L . A . G o r d o n , L . I .B o j o v i c h , N . G . M o r o z o v a , M . G . D a v I e t s h i n , M . V .V o h i d o v , V . A . T o k a r e v a , E . G ‘. G ‘o ziy e v va b o s h q a l a r n i n g n a z a r i y a l a r i d a h a m d a m a x s u s e k s p e r i m e n t a l ta d q iq o tla r id a riv o jla n tirilm o q d a . H o z i r g i z a m o n p s i x o l o g i y a s i d a q i z i q i s h o b y e k t i v borliqning in so n la r o n g i d a subyektiv tarz da aks etishi sifatida t a n o l i n a d i . Q i z i q i s h s h a x s n i n g m u a y y a n v o q e l i k d a g i , m u a y y a n v a z i y a t d a g i t u rli narsa va h o d i s a l a r g a t a n l a b m u n o s a b a t d a b o l i s h i d a , in so n n in g o ‘ziga x o s q a r o r q abul q ilish id a, o ‘zini o 'z i n a z o r a t eta bilishida, m a q s a d g a intili- s h id a , yuzaga k elg a n o b y e k tiv va subyektiv t o ‘siqlarni y e n - gishida ifodalanadi. P s ix o lo g iy a f a n i n i n g k o ‘zga k o 'r i n g a n o ii m l a r i n i n g t a ’l i m o t i c h a , q i z i q i s h o d a m l a r n i n g e h tiy o jJ a ri neg izid a y a q q o l ijtim oiy ta r i x i y s h a r t- s h a r o i t d a , v a z iy a td a yuzaga keladi, s h a k lla n a d i, b a r q a ro rla s h ib b o ra d i h a m d a u la rn in g sh a x s iy t u r m u s h s h a r o i t i va fa o liy a tid a , i jtim o iy ishlab c h i q a r i s h d a q a t n a s h i s h i singari o m i l l a r d a g a v d a la n a d i . U m u m i y t a l q i n l a r g a a s o s l a n i b m u l o h a z a b i l d ir ila d ig a n b o ‘lsa, u a lo h id a j a r a y o n , a m n i o m a ’lum psixologik funksiya e m a s , c h u n k i u h i s - t u y g ‘u, iroda, o n g , q o la v e rs a jan iik i p six ik h o l a t l a r , h o d i s a va ichki k e c h i n m a l a r n i o ‘z id a m u ja s s a m la s h tirg a n m u r a k k a b tizimli ru h iy voqelikdir. www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi Q iziq ish psixologik m o h i y a t in in g dastlabki k o krinishi — b u uni o d a m l a r t o m o n i d a n a n g l a b yetishi yoki t u s h u n i s h im k o n iy a tid ir. S haxs qiziqish m a h s u l i n i , u n in g o q i b a t in i a n g la sh , t a s a w u r etish o r q a li g i n a o b y e k tiv boiiiq d a g i n a r s a va h o d isa la rg a ongli, ta n la b m u n o s a b a t d a b o l a d i . L e k in b u v o q e l i k n i a n g l a s h , t u s h u n i s h i n s o n d a b i r d a n i g a s o d i r b o M m a y d i, b alki m u a y y a n v a q t d a v o m i d a u n d a b i l is h j a r a y o n l a r i , shaxsiy fazilatlari i n d iv id u a l - t i p o l o g i k x u s u - siyatlar rivojlanishi tufayli y u z a g a keladi. S h u n i t a ’k id la s h joizki, qiziqish psixologik m o h i y a t i n i n g n a m o y o n b o l i s h i d a aqliy j a r a y o n l a r m u h i m o ‘r i n d a tu rish i h o d is a s in in g q a y d qilinishi u fa q at in telle k td an t a s h k il t o p a d i , d e g a n m a ’n o n i a n g l a t m a y d i, albatta. Shu b o is, q iz iq ish psixologik m o h i y a t i n i n g i k k i n c h i k o 'r in i s h i — u n i n g h i s - t u y g 'u l a r , e m o - t s i o n a l h o l a t l a r b i l a n u y g ' u n l a s h g a n , m u j a s s a m l a s h g a n t a rz d a ifo d ala n ish id ad ir. M a ' l u m k i , his-tuyg*ular, s h u n i n g - d e k , e m o t s i o n a l h o la tla r ( e m o t s i o n a l t o n , kayfiyat, s h i - j o a t , e h t ir o s va b o sh q alar) s h a x s n i n g b o rliq d ag i a n i q v o q e - likka, n a r s a va hodisalarga, m u a y y a n faoliyatga in tilis h in i, s a ’y - h a r a k a tl a r i n i k u c h a y ti r a d i, ja d a l l a s h t i r a d i , s a f a r b a r - likni o b y e k t g a y o 'n a ltira d i. I n s o n o ‘z shaxsiy q iz i q i s h in i q o n d i r g a n d a n keyingina u n d a y o q i m l i h i s - t u y g 'u i a r u y - g l o n a d i , r u h i y q o n i q i s h , o ‘z n a v b a t i d a , l a z z a t l a n i s h (p rak sik ) hissi vujudga keladi. Q i z i q i s h n i psixologik m o h i y a t i n i n g u c h i n c h i k o ^ ri- nishi — b u u n i n g iroda s ifatlari, i r o d a akti bilan u n u i m - la s h g a n t a r z d a vujudga k c li s h i d ir . Ir o d a v iy z o ‘r b e r i s h , m u a y y a n q a r o r b o 'y i c h a i n t i l i s h , b a ’zi q i y i n c h i l i k l a r n i y e n g i s h , m u s t a q i l l i k n a m o y o n q i l is h q i z i q i s h n i q a r o r t o p t ir a d i , shaxsni niaqsad sari y e ta k la y d i. Q i z i q i s h n i psixologik m o h i y a t i n i n g t o ‘rtin c h i k o ‘r i - n i s h i — b u u n i n g oliy n e r v f a o l i y a t i x u s u s i y a t l a r i v a t e m p e r a m e n t tiplari bilan b irg a , m u ja s s a m la s h g a n h o l d a n a m o y o n boMishidir. Q i z i q i s h n in g n erv -fizio lo g ik m e x a n iz m la r i t o ‘g ‘r i s i d a m u l o h a z a y u ritilg a n d a, d astav v a l r u s o lim i I . P . P a v l o v n i n g oliy n e rv faoliyati haqidagi t a ' l i m o t i n i eslab o ‘tish j o i z . U n i n g „ b u n i m a ? “ refleksi, y a ' n i o riy e n tiro v k a ( m o ‘ljal 95 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi olish) refleksi q i z i q i s h n in g m o d d iy n e g iz in i tu s h u n t ir is h d a m u h i m a h a m i y a t k a s b e tadi. A w a l I . P . P a v l o v , s o ‘ngra P .K . A n o x i n , N . A . B c r n s h t e y n , B .M . T e p lo v , V .S .M e rlin , V .D .N e b i l it s i n va b o s h q a l a r in sondagi q iz iq is h n in g ncrv- fiziologik m ^ x a n i z m l a r in i bosh m iy a k a tta y a rim s h a rla ri p o ‘s t l o g ‘id a o r i y e n t i r o v k a re flek si n e g i z i d a m u r a k k a b m u v a q q a f ' b o g ‘l a n i s h l a r n i n g v u j u d g a k e l i s h i d ir , d e g a n y o ‘s i n d a t a l q i n q i l m o q d a la r . Q i z iq is h n in g m o d d i y asos- lari I . P . P a v l o v n i n g o ‘z a r o induksiya q o n u n i , p o lstloqdagi o p tim a l q o ‘z g ‘a!ish o ‘c h o g ‘i va d in a m ik stere o tip larg a oid q a r a s h la rid a , A .A .U x to m s k i y n i n g d o m i n a n t q a ra s h la rid a h a m d a Y .N .S o k o l o v n i n g oriyentir m u ra k k a b psixofiziologik h odisa ekanligi h a q id a g i tadqiqotlarida o ‘z aksini topgan. H ozirgi d a v r d a q iz iq ish shaxsning individuai-psixologik x u s u s iy a t i d a n i b o r a t , d e g a n x u lo sa o d a t i y boMib qoldi. S h u n g a q a ra m a y , b a ’zi m an b a la rd a qiziqishga m uay y an solía b o ky i c h a t o ‘g ‘ri moMjal olishga, yangi o m i l i a r b ila n ta n i- shishga, v o q e lik n i t o l a va c h u q u r aks e ttirish g a y o rd a m b erad ig an m otiv d ir, d e g a n t a 'r i f h a m beriladi. S h u n g a m u ta - no sib ta rz d a q i z iq is h bilish ja ra y o n i sifatida o ‘rin egallab, u ijobiy h i s - t u y g ‘u l a r d a y o 'n a ltirilg a n o b y e k t bilan c h u - q u r r o q t a n is h is h , u h a q d a k o ‘p ro q m a ’l u m o t g a ega b o l i s h , u n i n g m o h i y a t in i a n g l a b yctish b o ra sid a sh a x s n in g istagida n a m o y o n b o i a d i , d e g a n m u lo h a z a la r h a m m a vjuddir. S h u n i a l o h i d a ta 'k i d l a s h lozim ki, sh a x s n in g ishtiyo- q in i q o n d i r i s h g a y o ‘naltirilg an lig in i aks e tti r u v c h i q iz i q i s h n i n g q o n d i r i l i s h i h e c h q a c h o n u n i n g s o ‘n i s h i n i i fo d a la m a y d i, a k s i n c h a , o b y e k tn in g n o m a ’l u m qirralarini a n iq la s h u c h u n ish n i d a v o m ettirishga u n d a y d i. S h u bilan b irg a , q i z i q i s h , b i l is h v a u n i n g j a r a y o n l a r i f u n k s i o n a l h o la tin in g d o im iy q o ‘z g ‘atuvchi m e x a n iz m i sifatida vujudga keladi v a aks etadi. P s i x o l o g i y a d a q i z i q i s h q u y id a g i t i p l a r g a a j ra tila d i: 1) m a z m u n ig a k o ‘ra: shaxsiy va ijtimoiy; 2) m aq sad ig a k o ‘ra: bevosita va bilvosita; 3) k o l a m i g a ko‘ra: ken g va tor; 4) qizi- q is h la r d arajasig a k o kra: b a r q a r o r va b e q a ro r. Q i z i q i s h m a z m u n j i h a t i d a n q u y i d a g i l a r d a : b ilish e h tiy o jla rin in g o b y e k t l a r i qaysilar, b ilish n in g m a z k u r fao- 96 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi liyat m a q s a d i bilan m u t a n o s i b li g i, s h ax sn in g y a s h a y o t g a n m u h i t g a m u n o s a b a t i k a b i l a r d a m u ja s s a m l a s h a d i . S h a x s n i m a l a r g a q iz iq a d i, u n i n g b i l is h ehtiy o jla ri o b y e k t i n i n g ijtim o iy q iy m a ti q a n d a y ? I n s o n n i n g shaxsiy q i z i q i s h i n i n g kclib c h iq is h i birlam ch i b o 'l i s h i g a q a r a m a y , u b i r d a v r n i n g o ' z i d a i j tim o iy lik a h a m i y a t i g a h a m cga. U n i n g k a s b i y faoliyatiga qiziqishi o x i r - o q i b a t j a m i y a t u c h u n n a f k e l t i - ris h i, r a v n a q i u c h u n q i m m a t l i d i r . I jt i m o iy x u s u s i y a t l i q i z i q i s h la r k c y in ro q b o rib s h a x s i y a h a m i y a t k asb c t i s h i m u q a r r a r . C h u n k i u m u m i y ü k — ijtim o iy lik b i l a n x u s u - siylik — shaxsga oidiik b i l a n , u y g fcu n la s h g a n h o l d a m a v j u d b o l a d i va u lar b i r b o s q i c h d a n b o s h q a b i r b o s q i c h g a a v t o m a - tik ravishda o ‘taveradi yoki u l a r d o i m o o ‘rin a lm a sh ib t u r a d i . Sh ax s o Lz qiziqishi tufayli b i r o n - b i r n a rsa n i k a s h f e t s a , in d iv id u a l chtiyojini q o n d i r a d i , s h u n d a y b o ‘ls a -d a , j a m i y a t, j a m o a u c h u n ishlab c h i q a r i s h n i t a k o m i l l a s h t i r i s h g a xizm at qiladi. S hu bois, j a m i y a t n i n g , ja m o a n i n g e n g d o l z a r b v a z i f a l a r i d a n biri — y o s h l a r n i m u s t a q i l , fa o l b i l i s h g a , i j t i m o i y a h a m i y a t g a e g a m c h n a t f a o l i y a t i g a q i z i q i s h u y g ' o t i s h d a n ib o ra td ir. T o k i u l a r d a j i d d iy , m a z m u n l i , j a m i y a t t o m o n i d a n r a g 'b a t l a n t i r u v c h i , m e h r - m u h a b b a t g a sa z o v o r q iz iq is h la r s h a k lla n s in . Q iz iq ish n in g maqsad j i h a t i d a n farqi bevosita va b ilv o s ita n a m o y o n b o 'lish ig a q a ra b a n i q l a n a d i . Bevosita q i z i q i s h l a r v o q e lik n in g , jis m va h o d i s a l a r n i n g e m o t s i o n a l j o z i b a l i lig i , h is-tu v g lularga ega bo'Iishligi, ta s h q i ta'sirlarga b e r i l u v c h a n - ligi tufayli vujudga keladi. ß u q iz iq ish y a n a o 'r g a n i l a y o t g a n n a r s a n i n g m a ’nosi b ila n u n i n g s h a x s fa o liy a ti u c h u n a h a m i y a ti m o s tu s h g a n d a p a y d o b o l i s h i m u m k i n . P s i x o - logiyada b evosita q iz iq ish n in g y u z a g a kelishini f a o li y a t n i n g m a q s a d i n i anglash bilan b o g 'l i q b o 'I g a n bilishni e h t i y o j d e b atash qabul qilingan. M c h n a t va o 'q ish faoliyatida h a m i - sha h i s - t u y g 'u g a , jo zib ag a t a y a n i b ish tu tish i m k o n i y a t i m av ju d bo'lm aslig i sababli j i s m o n i y va aqliy m c h n a tn i o n g l i id o ra q i lis h d a m u h i m a h a m i y a t k asb e t a d i g a n b e v o s i t a q i z i q i s h l a r n i t a r k i b t o p t i r i s h m a s a l a s i ish lab c h i q a r i s h h a m d a t a 'l i m tizimi oldida t u r g a n m u h i m vazifa h is o b l a n a d i . S h u n d a y qilib, u yoki b u n a r s a l a r n i, h o d is a la r m o - h iyatini bilish, k o 'rish , i d r o k q i lis h , an g la b yetish u c h u n 7 Psixologiya 97 www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi q iz iq a rli tu y u lg a n i c h k i k c c h in m a la r b e v o s ita q iz iq is h n i i fo d a c tadi. B ilvosita q iz i q i s h la r esa m e h n a t faoliyati yoki t a i i m olish j a r a y o n i n i n g m u a y y a n ijtim oiy a h a m i y a ti bilan u n i n g s h a x s u c h u n s u b y e k t i v a h a m i y a t i o ' z a r o m o s t u s h g a n id a bilvosita q i z i q i s h yuzaga keladi. B in o b a rin , shaxs m a z k u r j a r a y o n d a b u n a r s a l a r m e n i q i z iq tir g a n i u c h u n j u d a qiziqarlidir, d e g a n xulosaga keladi. Bu esa b o la shaxsini m e h n a t faoliyati v a t a ' l i m ja ra y o n in i ongli tash k il etish, v e ta k c h i va u s tu v o r o ‘rin cgallaydigan bilvosita qiziqishlarni t a r k i b to p tiris h h a m d a m a x s u s tre ninglarga, o m i l k o r y o ‘1- y o ‘riq l a r g a o ' r g a t i s h o r q a l i a m a lg a o s h i r i s h m a q s a d g a m u v o fiq d ir. O d a m l a r n i n g q i z i q is h la r i o 'z in i n g k o ‘la m i b ila n bir- b i r i d a n farq qiladi. S h u n d a y shaxslar toifasi h a m m avjudki, u l a r n i n g q i z i q i s h l a r i b i r g i n a s o h a g a q a r a t i l g a n b o 'l a d i . B o s h q a l a r i d a e sa q i z i q i s h l a r q a t o r s o h a l a r g a , f a n la rg a , o b y c k t l a r g a y o ‘n a l t i r i l g a n b o 'l a d i . L e k i n t u r l i s o h a g a q i z i q is h la rn in g biri i k k in c h is ig a salbiy t a 's i r etishi m u m k i n c m a s , a g a r d a u l a r n i o q i l o n a b o s h q a r is h i m k o n i b o 'l s a . Q i z i q i s h n i n g t o r l i g i k o ' p i n c h a s a l b i y h o d i s a s i f a t i d a b a h o l a n i s h i m u m k i n , l e k i n , a y n i c h o g ' d a , u l a r n i n g h a d d a n o rtiq kengligi h a m n u q so n ta riq a sid a ta hlil qilinsa b o 'l a d i . B iro q s h a x s n i n g b a r k a m o l s h a x s boMib k a m o l to p is h i q iz iq ish la r k o M a m in i t o r em as , balki k e n g m iq y o s d a boMishini t a q o z o e ta d i. Q iz i q i s h l a r o ‘z l a r i n i n g darajasiga q a r a b b a r q a r o r va b e q a r o r tu rlarg a a j r a t il a d i . B arq a ro r q iziqishga ega b o l g a n sh a x s u z o q vaqt d a v o m i d a yoqtirgan b u y u m l a r i g a , o b y c k t- lariga, h o d is a la rg a o ' z m ay lin i h e c h o 'z g a r i s h s i z saqlab t u r a oladi. S h u b o i s , i n s o n ehtiyojlarini o ‘z i d a m u ja s s a m - la sh tiru v c h i, s h a x s n i n g ru h iy fazilatiga a y l a n a b o sh la g a n q i z iq is h la r b a r q a r o r q iz i q is h la r deyiladi. B a r q a r o r qiziqish sh a x s q o b i l iy a ti n in g riv o jlanganligidan d a r a k b eradi. S hu n u q t a y i n a z a r d a n m a z k u r qiziqish ta sh x is q i l u v c h a n l ik xususiyatiga h a m ega. B iro q insonlarda b a r q a ro r qiziqishning m a v ju d yoki m a v j u d em aslig in i a niqlash u c h u n u la rn in g m e h n a t fa o liy a ti v a o ‘q u v j a ra y o n id a g i q iz i q i s h la r in i n g tas h q i ifodasini a t r o f l i c h a o 'rganishga t o 'g 'r i keladi. O d a td a , www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi q i z i q i s h n i n g t a s h q i ifodasi s h a x s n i n g o ‘ziga o ‘zi b a l i o b e r is h , o ' z i n i o ‘zi tahlil q i l is h f a o l i y a t l a r i d a n a m o y o n b o ’ladi. B a rq a ro r qiziqish t o ‘g ‘risid a m u l o h a z a y u r i t i l g a n d a , u n i n g b o s h q a tark ib iy q is m v a q i r r a la r i n i hisobga o l i s h lo zim , c h u n k i bu narsa k o ‘p j i h a t d a n sh a x sn in g i r o d a v i y sifatlari, x a r a k te rin in g v az m in lig i b i l a n b o g ‘liq. Q i z i q i s h n in g barqarorligi u n i n g j a d a l ta rz d a n a m o y o n b o 'l i s h i h a m d a u z o q d a v o m e t i s h i b i l a n i f o d a l a n a d i . S h a x s n in g z a ru riy eh tiyojlarini y u k s a k d a r a ja d a aks e t t i - r a d i g a n , s h u n i n g d e k , u n i n g p s i x o l o g i k t u z i l is h ig a x o s xislatlarga a y la n ib b o ra d ig a n q i z i q i s h la r i b a r q a r o r q i z i q i s h d eyiladi. B a r q a r o r qiziqish q o b i l i y a tn i n g b ir k o 'r i n i s h i g a o 'x s h a s h b o l i b , m aqsadga y o ‘n a lg a n lig i bilan h a m m u h i m in d iv id u a l, h a m ijtimoiy a h a m i y a t g a egadir. Q i z i q i s h la r n in g b a ’zi h o l a t l a r d a b c q a r o r b o ‘lishligi i n - s o n l a r n i n g y o sh , jin s, tip o lo g ik x u s u s iy a tig a h a m b o g l Iiq - dir. B u n d a y toifadagi kishilarda q i z iq is h la r g 'o y a td a eh tiro s li k c c h a d i, b iro q u qisqa m u d d a tli b o l i s h i m u m k in . M a s a l a n , b ir v a q t n i n g o kz id a u l a r b i r n e c h t a fa n la rg a , ta b ia t h o d i s a - lariga q iz iq a d ila r, b arc h a n a r s a g a ish tiy o q b ilan y o n d a s h i b , m u a m m o n i n g m o h iy atig a c h u q u r kirib b o r m a y , b o s h q a h o la tla r b ila n m a s h g ‘ul b o 'lib k e t a d i l a r . B u n d a y xususiy atli sh a x sla r m a s h g ‘ulotIarga q a n c h a l i k t e z kirishgan boM salar, qiz iqishla ri s h u n c h a li k tez s o kn a d i . Q iz iq is h la r sa lo h iy a tli voyiiga y e t g a n y o s h la rn in g o ‘z i s t e 'd o d l a r i n i m a q s a d g a y o ‘n a ltirg a n ta rz d a am alga o s h i s h i n i t a ’m inlaydi. Shaxsdagi qiziqishlarni rivojlantirish va b arqarorlashtirish u c h u n u l a r n i n g negizini ta s h k i l e t a d i g a n fa oliyat b i l a n m a s h g ‘ul b o l i s h g a , m aqsadga m u v o flq shug'u llanishga m a y l uyg‘o tis h g a p uxta zam in h o z i r la s h z a ru r, toki q iz i q is h la r motiv, ehtiyoj, e ’tiqod funksiyasini bajarishga aylansin. S h u n d a y qilib, q i z i q i s h l a r — s h a x s faoliyati a s o s l a r i - n i n g t a n h o y o ‘na!ishi b o ‘l m a s a - d a , a m m o u n i n g e n g m u h i m j i h a t i hisoblanadi. Psixologiya f a n in m g s o 'n g g i m a ’lu m o tla r ig a a s o s l a n g a n h o ld a q iz iq is h n i b ir n e c h a d a r a j a l a r g a ajratish m u m k i n : a) s i n c h k o v l i k ; b) q i z i q u v c h a n l i k ; d ) b i l is h g a q i z i q i s h ; e) t u r g ‘u n y oki kasbiy q iziqish. S in ch k o v lik q i z i q i s h n i n g www.ziyouz.com kutubxonasi b iro r narsaga k u c h li in tilis h d a n ib o rat q isq a m u d d a t li turi yoki darajasidir. Q iziquvchanlik shaxsning voqelikdagi narsa va h o d isa la rg a , u l a r n i bilishga faol m u n o s a b a t i d a n iborat d a r a j a s i d i r . B ilish g a qiziq ish a n g l a s h i l g a n d a r a j a d a g i , m a q s a d g a m u v o f i q l a s h g a n , jism o n iy va a q liy fa o liyatning y angi q irra la rin i e g a ll a s h g a y o 'n a ltirilg a n tu rid ir. Turg'un qiziqish s h a x s n in g k a s b i y k o ‘nikm alar, m a l a k a va b ilim lar- ni egallashga y o ‘n a l t i r i l g a n , kasbiy ta y y o rg a rlik darajasi b i lan uy g ‘u n l a s h g a n , m a q s a d g a erishish yoMida faollik k o ‘r- s atuvchi tu rid ir. S haxslar ixtiy o rig a p ik to g ram m a, a n a g r a m m a va turli xususiyatli testlarn i h a v o l a qilish u lard a q iziq ish n in g ichki m c x a n iz m la rin i k e ltirib chiqaradi. Bu n arsa, o ‘z navbatida, u l a r d a o ‘z q i z i q i s h i n i o ‘zi b o s h q a r i s h k o ‘n i k m a s i n i s h ak llantiradi, h a r q a n d a y q o ‘zg'aiuvchiga ja v o b b erishdan iborat stcre o tip hosil b o i a d i . Q iziq ish n in g b u t u r i va uning yuqori bo sq ich i shaxsning voqelikdagi ichki b o g l a n i s h l a m i , m unosabatlarni bilib olishga yo'llaydi h a m d a r u h i y t o ‘siq va qiyinchiliklarni yengadigan, m u v a ffa q iy a tsiz lik la rd a n c h o 'c h im a y d ig a n , q a t ’iy, intiluv- c h a n , to l iq m a s li k k a b i o kziga xos x u su siy a tla rin i s h a k l- lantirishga y o r d a m b e r a d i . Qiziqishning y u q o r i d a tilga olib o 't ilg a n turlari o d a m l a r d a o'z ini o ‘zi b o s h q a r is h , shaxsiy qiziqishini idora q ilis h , o ‘ziga o ‘zi b u v m q b cra olish, o ‘zini qoMga ola bilish, o ‘z in i o ‘zi takom illashtirish singari shaxs xususiyatlarini sh a k lla n tiris h d a y o rd a m beradi. Yüklə 7,5 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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