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Combined monophasic early contraception pill,
1960. (Image credit: Photo by SSPL/Getty Images)
Not only have birth control pills, condoms and other forms of contraception sparked a
sexual revolution in the developed world by allowing men and women to have sex for
leisure rather than procreation, they have also drastically reduced the average number of
offspring per woman in countries where they are used. With fewer mouths to feed,
modern families have achieved higher standards of living and can provide better for each
child. Meanwhile, on the global scale, contraceptives are helping the human population
gradually level off; our number will probably stabilize by the end of the century. Certain
contraceptives, such as condoms, also curb the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
Natural and herbal contraception has been used for millennia. Condoms or ‘sheaths’ have
existed in one form or another since ancient times, according to scholar Jessica Borge in
her book “Protective Practices: A History of the London Rubber Company and the
Condom Business” (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2020), with the rubber condom
developed in the 19th century. Meanwhile, the FDA approved the first oral contraceptive
pill in the United States in 1960 and by 1965, more than 6.5 million American women
were on the pill, according to author Jonathan Eig in his book, “The Birth of the Pill: How
Four Pioneers Reinvented Sex and Launched a Revolution” (W. W. Norton & Company,
2015).
Scientists are continuing to make advancements in birth control, with some labs even
pursuing a male form of "the pill." A permanent birth-control implant called Essure was
approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2002, though in 2016, the FDA warned
the implant would need stronger warnings to tell users about serious risks of using
Essure.
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