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Partial map of the Internet based on the January
15, 2005 data found on opte.org. Each line is
drawn between two nodes, representing two IP
addresses. The length of the lines are indicative of
the delay between those two nodes. Credit:
Creative Commons (Image credit: Creative
Commons | The Opte Project)
The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that is used by
billions of people worldwide. In the 1960s, a team of computer scientists working for the
U.S. Defense Department's ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) built a
communications network to connect the computers in the agency, called ARPANET, the
predecessor of the internet. It used a method of data transmission called "packet
switching", developed by computer scientist and team member Lawrence Roberts, based
on prior work of other computer scientists.
This technology was progressed in the 1970s by scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf,
who developed the crucial communication protocols for the internet, the Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), according to computer scientist
Harry R. Lewis in his book “Ideas That Created the Future: Classic Papers of Computer
Science” (MIT Press, 2021). For this, Kahn and Cerf are often credited as inventors of the
internet”.
In 1989, the internet evolved further thanks to the invention of the World Wide Web by
computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee while working at CERN (The European Organization
for Nuclear Research). According to CERN, "the basic idea of the WWW was to merge
the evolving technologies of computers, data networks and hypertext into a powerful and
easy to use global information system." The development of the WWW opened up the
world of the internet to everybody and connected the world in a way that it had never
been before.
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