Allmark-Kent 104
perspective has been gained through learned experience and interpretation of
sensory input. Her decision not to approach the calf is based on her ability to
both recall information and predict consequences. Hence, Seton does not just
convey what it might be like to be
a
wolf; he explores the individual reality of
this
specific wolf
.
Shapiro and Copeland assert that one function of zoocentric literary
analysis is to evaluate “the degree to which the author presents the animal ‘in
itself,’ both as an experiencing individual and as a species-typical way of living
in the world” (345). Both the wolf and the trout demonstrate species-specific
sensory perceptions. They can differentiate between different input they receive
and know that certain shapes or smells relate to specific beings or objects.
Based on their individual experiences and preferences, each can use this
sensory information to
choose
how best to proceed. Thus, it is clear that, in the
words of Roberts, both writers are
building upon “a substantial foundation of
known facts” to explore the “unknown world” of an individual animal’s
perspective (
Kindred
24). It is worth noting, here, that Seton tends to restrict his
speculations to species he can observe first-hand, mostly birds and mammals.
Whereas, Roberts explores the unique experiences of an array of species, from
an ant to a giant squid. As I will demonstrate below, I believe that these
differences may be due
to Roberts’ treatment of the genre as a series of
zoocentric thought-experiments
and Seton’s desire to campaign on behalf of
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