Allmark-Kent 189
Lawrence, on the other hand, describes his pumas killing and eating other
animals with unflinching detail, and so his lengthy explanations
of ecology and
the benefits of predators are vital if he is to challenge the construction of pumas
as ‘vermin.’
Indeed, much of the human narrative is used to expose, and
defamiliarize, the construction of the puma as ‘vermin,’ ‘trophy,’ and ‘man-eater.’
All three are used to legitimize the actions of humans wishing to hunt pumas
but, most importantly, Lawrence reveals the ease with which these labels can
be used interchangeably
to suit the individual’s needs. For instance, the
fetishization of the white puma’s albinism constructs his fur
as a uniquely
valuable trophy: “Now the usually taciturn man began to babble aloud to
himself, alternately cursing and expressing wonder. ‘Hol-ly hell! A
white
cat! . . .
Jee-suss! Worth a fortune . . . a
fortune
! Hell . . . just wait till Walt hears;
’”
“Taggart, relaxed and beery, let slip that he knew where to find a pure white
puma. […] ‘What? A white puma? I must have that! I can pay well for it” (197,
221). Likewise, when the puma’s tawny mother
and sister are killed, Cousins
and Taggart see only trophies to be sold:
Just before entering the forest, he stopped and turned to look at Taggart,
who was now standing over the dead cat, one booted toe under her
head, lifting it. ‘I’m going to get the mounts. You want to start skinning, go
ahead.’ […] When Cousins returned with the horses, Taggart had already
skinned the young puma. The pelt, with paws
and head attached, was
folded up, a blood-stained bundle that lay beside the naked and bleeding
corpse. The younger man paid but scant attention to the d
ead animal’s
mutilated remains. (174)
Their casual tones juxtapose the gruesomeness of the scene. Having spent so
much of his narrative constructing these pumas as
unique, individual,
autonomous subjects of a life
, Lawrence’s use of the hunters’ perspectives to
construct them as
objects
is disturbing. To the humans the pumas were never
Allmark-Kent 190
subjects of a lif
e with inherent value. As Lawrence’s narration indicates, the
hunters can only perceive them as objects with financial value.
The label ‘trophy’ is replaced, however, when the puma is categorized as
‘pest’ or ‘vermin.’ The puma’s autonomy (so easily erased when seen only as
an object) is now a
threat
to human interests. Taggart and
Cousins’ economic
motivations do not change, however. They understand how to exploit the
speciesist power of the label:
The cat, he explained, was not actually protected by law in that region,
although it was not legal to hunt at this season. ‘But they’re pests, those
cats. They take sheep and calves and even our own horses. And they kill
a whole lot of game. So nobody really gives a darn if one of them gets to
e
at a nice lead pill, you know?’ (14)
Following the spoor, they were led to the cave and from there to the by-
now-sparse remains of the moose. Excited by their discovery, they
radioed the news to the lodge, reporting the moose kill and giving it as
their opinion that unless
the adult puma was not killed, she would
continue taking the ungulate prey, which, in the view of the guides,
rightfully belonged to the High Country Safaris clients. (123)
Thus, they construct the puma as both an object and an animal. The hunters
exploit the category of vermin, which relies on the autonomy of wild predators,
in order to remove restrictions on their ability to keep killing pumas whose body
Dostları ilə paylaş: