Timurrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr ingliz va o’zbek tillarida vatan konseptini verballashuvi

6 koʻchma Yaratuvchi, vujudga keltiruvchi. ◆ Yer — hayotning onasi.
Gapning onasi Gapning poʻskallasi, boʻl-gan-turgani, haqiqati. -Otangizga rahmat, Yusvali togʻa! — dedi boshini qimirlatib Meli polvon. — ◆ Gapning naq onasini ayt-dingiz-qoʻydingiz. P. Tursun, „Oʻqituvchi“ . Ona Vatan (yoki yurt) Kishi tugʻilib oʻsgan, u-ning uchun muqaddas sanalgan mamlakat. ◆ Yana koʻngli ona yurtini, baland togʻlar, koʻm-koʻk yaylovlarni qoʻmsab, bagʻrini zax yerga berib yotib oldi. S. Anorboyev, „Hamsuhbatlar“ . Ona suti ogziga keldi q. ogiz. ◆ Voy-voy, Gulnora singlingni Azizboynikidan olib chiqqunimcha naq ona sutim ogʻzimga keldi. N. Safarov, „Sharq tongi“ . Ona sutiday pok (yoki halol) Hech qanday nopoklik, qalbakilik aralash-magan, kishining oʻz peshona teri evaziga kelgan. ◆ Pulni osadim, mingmarta roziman, sizga ona sutiday halol boʻlsin. A. Qahhor, „Qoʻshchinor chiroqlari“ . Ona tuproq Kishi tugʻilgan joy. ◆ Keyin bilsam, xuddi oʻsha bir quloch yer mening ona tuprogʻim ekan. A. Obid-jon, „Akang qaragʻay Gulmat“ . Ona xalq Kishining oʻzi mansub boʻlgan xalqi. ◆ Bechora emas, yoʻq, koʻngli sutday pok, ammo koʻp jabru jafo chekkan mening ona xalqim bugun maʼnaviy madadga juda-juda tashna. Gazetadan . Ona qizim Erkalatish, alqash maʼ-nosida qoʻllanadigan ibora. ◆ Shunday ekan, men senga yomonlikni ravo koʻrmasman, ona qizim. T. Ashurov, „Oq ot“ . Onadan tugʻma boʻ-lib Har qanday kasallikdan yoki balo-qazolardan xoli boʻlib, aslidagiday; sogʻ-lom, hech narsa koʻrmaganday. ◆ Buoʻzgarishdan keyin onadan tugʻma boʻlib, yengil tortdi. A. Qodiriy, „Oʻtgan kunlar“ . Onasi oʻpmagan qiz Begona qoʻl tegmagan, pok, iffatli qiz; bokira. ◆ Puling boʻlsa, onasi oʻpmagan malika qizlar sanga quchoq ochadi. Oybek, „Tanlangan asarlar“ . Onasini koʻrsatmoqTaʼzirini bermoq, jazolamoq. ◆ Ustozim ikkimiz la-boratoriyaga oʻtib olib, shunaqangi sehrli dorilar yasaylikki, ey iblis, endi onangni uchqoʻrgʻondan koʻrasan. X. Toʻxtaboyev, „Shirin qovunlar mamlakati“ .
Ingliz tilida bu leksema quyudagi shakllarga egadir. Tadqiqotimiz markazi ingliz va o’zbek tili bo’lganligi sababli ushbu faslning bu qismida keltirilgan ma’lumotlarni ingliz tilida keltirib o’tamiz.
Mother is a female parent and a woman in relation to her child or children. The word “mother” is widely used both in written and spoken English and has various synonyms such as “mum”, ”mummy”, ”mumsy”, ”mom”, ”mommy”, ”mater”,
“mama”, “mamma” and etc. The specific feature of this word is that the term “mother” can be used in formal English as well as the daily conversations. Actually, “mother” is a word that can be traced back to Proto Indo-European. However, the occurrence of similar words all over the world is not reliable evidence of genetic connection between languages, since there is a strong alternative hypothesis including baby’s first sounds and some simple words which are used by the infant before he speaks in the language fluently. The words used by little children are different in each language but in most cases are similar with the origin word in most languages.
In fact, the word “mother” in Old English “modor” of Germanic origin related to Dutch moeder and German Mutter, from Indo European root shared by Latin
“mater”and Greek “meter”. It seems that Proto-Indo-European is the hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of most European and Indian languages as most European languages still use the words meaning “mother” that have great similarities with the words stated above. For instance: The word “mother” is translated into French as “mere” in Spanish and Italian “madre”, in German “mutter”, in Hindi “maan” in Danish “mor”, in Dutch “moeder” in Persian(Farsi) the formal word for mother is “madar” and the informal word for mom or mama is “maman” which means almost all words have the same beginning letter, same consonants and vowels despite the fact that the languages stated above go for the different language families. It is known that ProtoIndo-European is the hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of most European and Indian languages, due to regional accents the word mother has various forms, though. For example: in Sanskrit “Amba”, in Tamil and Malayalam “Amma”, in Urdu “Ammee” but generally, in Hindi it is “Maan”. They don’t use the word “mama” for mother Since in Hindi “mama” means “mother’s brother “(uncle) or simply “maternal brother”.
The usage of “Mama” is considered to be the result of babies’ first sound which means the word “Mama” is one of the easiest words that can be produced or repeated by babies. On the other hand, In Japanese, a non-Indo European language, the words for mother are “haha” not mama (neutral) or “okaa”(official use) which do not have the “m” sound.(It proves that not all cases, producing words depend on babies’ first sounds)
Furthermore, some countries use the word ”mama” for other meanings like: Mama-father-in-law Mama-mother’s brother Mama-father’s sister husband and sometimes Mama is used to call a close friend.
However, there are some assumptions one of them is that the word “mother” is originated from a Tamil word…”Mammam” (the breast milk for a new born is called mammam in Tamil) Another point characterizes the following descripton: The word Mammals came from the word-Mammam because of the breast feeding features all animals were named as mammals. Well-known linguist Roman Jakobson also expressed his opinions ”Often the sucking activities of a child are accompanied by a slight nasal murmur and when these murmurs are made without anything to suck on nearby, they come out as an “m” or a vowel sound “a” or “o” and certainly it may have eventually led to new words like “mama”, ”mom” or ”oaa”( perhaps these vowel sounds were later produced in Japanese like “okaa”).
In Azeri Turkish, also, vowel sounds that are stated above used for the word “mother”---“Ana” or “anne”(neutral), “Valide” (very formal) and “Maman” (informal), Likewise, in Kyrgyz “эне”, in Kazakh ”анасы” ,in Azerbaijani “ana”. It is apparent that all the languages go for the same family group have a lot of similarities in producing words and pronunciation. In Uzbek, the word for mother is “Ona” and “Volida” (very formal language) and very similar with the some words of the languages mentioned , since all those languages included in another large family called the family of Turkish languages.
As we know, the origin, pronunciation and usage of a word are considered to be almost similar in the languages which are in the same language family. As time passes or maybe due to the regional settlement or just the different dialects cause those words to be changed or formed differently from the previous ones.
Shu qatorida ona leksemasi vatan leksemasi bilan ham kelishini quyida keltirilgan misollarda ham kuzatish mumkin.
“Motherland”-“Ona Vatan” konsepti relyativ xarakterga ega, ya’ni u kimgadir tegishliligi bilan ahamiyatlidir. “My country”-“Mening yurtim” sinonimlari aynan “Motherland”-“Ona Vatan” konseptini mazmunan to‘ldiruvchi sinonimik birliklar bo‘lib, ular insonning ijtimoiy- milliy qiyofasi, jamiyat tarixi, madaniyati, o‘ziga xosligini ochib beruvchi komponentlar hisoblanadi”
Ona tilimizdagi “Ona Vatan”, “Ota yurt”, ingliz tilidagi “Motherland”, “Fatherland”, ‘Homeland’ konseptlari, nemis tilidagi “Vaterland”, “Heimat” konseptlari, ispan tilidagi
“Madre Patria” konsepti, rus tilidagi “Rodina”, “Otechestvo”, “Otchizna” konseptlari yuqoridagi ta’riflar bilan birgalikda lingvo-etimologik jihatdan ma’lum ma’noda milliylik, hududiylik, siyosiylik va tarixiylikni o‘zida aks ettiradi. Bu esa kognitiv va madaniy lingvistikada ta’kidlanganidek, Ona Vatan konseptining to‘liq tasvirini ochishga ko‘maklashuvchi assotsiativ birliklar vazifasini bajaradi.
Ingliz tilidagi “Motherland” va “Homeland” konseptlarini mazmunan ko‘proq milliylik va universallik bilan yo‘g‘rilganligining guvohi bo‘lishimiz mumkin. Angliya tilshunos olimlarining tadqiqot ishlari, Britaniya madaniyati, hayoti, she’riyat va adabiyotini kuzatar ekanmiz, Angliyada “Motherland” konsepti zamirida xuddi o‘zbek tilidagi kabi inglizlarning ham Ona Vatan tushunchasini qalblarida jo qilishining guvohiga aylandik. Ingliz shoirasi D.Shelkott o‘z she’rlarida ingliz yeri, tuprog‘ini “bizniki, u aziz, u cheksiz” deb ta’riflaydi.
A Motherland is the concept of the place (cultural geography) with which an ethnic group holds a long history and deep cultural association- the country in which particular national identity began. As a common noun, it simply connotes the country of ones origin. When used as a proper noun, the world as well as its equivalents in other languages, often have ethnic natsionalist connotations.
Motherland is a place of one‟s birth the place of origin of an ethnic group or emigrant, or a Metropole in contrast to its colonies. Amerika madaniyati, adabiyotida “Motherland” konsepti ko‘pincha “beautiful”, “dear”, “my”, “pride”, “strong” “her” olmoshlari bilan birga izohlanadi:
Edward Dickinson Baker would have been claimed with pride by any country. The lot fell to the United States. Yet he was not her native son. The country of his birth was England, the city of London, and the date February 24, 1811. (Blair, Tarshis, 1960: 1)
Shu o‘rinda tadqiqotlarimiz davomida o‘rganilgan bir jihatni ta’kidlash o‘rinliki, Angliyada Motherland konseptiga nisbatan our olmoshi ko‘proq ishlatiladigan bo‘lsa, Amerikada bu konseptga nisbatan yohud mazkur konseptga sinonimik qatorni tashkil etishi mumkin bo‘lgan konseptlarga nisbatan “my” olmoshini ko‘proq ishlatilar ekan. Bu qaysidir ma’noda Amerikacha hayotda Vatanga nisbatan ham individual yondoshuv ustunroq ekanligini tasdiqlaydi.
So when the flag is raised and I light my sparklers, snakes and firecrackers I will look into my glow and I will daydream about my America. What I believe is the real America (Lewis. 2004) Of all the States in East or West Unto my heart thou art the best Here may I live,here may I rest Florida, My Florida Yield their rich store of good supply To still the voice of hunger's cry,
For thee we'll live, for thee we'll die,