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2.
Mustaqillik. Har qanday vazifani bajarishda auditor yoki auditorlar mustaqil
bo’lishi shart (In all matters relating to the assignment
an independence in mental
attitude is to be maintained by the auditor or auditors).
3.
Majburiy malakaviy ziyraklik. Tekshirishni o’tkazishda va xulosani
tayyorlashda auditordan professional ziyraklik talab etiladi. (Due professional care is
to be exercised in the performance of the examinition and the preparition of the
report).
Ob’ektlarning ish standartlari:
1. To’g’ri rejalashtirish va nazorat. Ishni auditorlik tekshiruvi muvofiq holda
rejalashtirilishi lozim, agarda auditorning yordamchilari mavjud bo’lsa,
ularning
faoliyatini nazorat qilib borish lozim (The work is to be adequately planned and
assistans, if any, are to be properly supervised).
2. Ichki nazorat tizimini tushunishning etarliligi. Auditor auditorlik tekshiruvining
ko’lami va unga sarflanadigan vaqtni to’g’ri belgilash maqsadida ichki nazorat
tizimiga etarlicha baho berishi shart (The auditor should obtain a sufficient
understanding of the internal control structure to plan the audit and to determine the
nature, timing, and extent of tests to be performed).
3. Zarur dalillarning etarli miqdori. Auditorlik hisoboti
haqida fikr tayyorlash
uchun tekshirish, so’roq, kuzatish va tasdiq usullari orqali etarli hajmda dalillar
yig’ish (Sufficient competent evidentual matter is to be obtained through inspection,
observation, inquires and confirmations to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion
regarding the financial statements under examination).
Xulosa standartlari:
1.
Hisobotning GAAP bilan mos tushishi. Xulosada
moliyaviy hisobotning
buxgalteriya hisobining umumqabul qilingan tamoyillarga mos kelishi haqida
ma’lumot keltirib o’tiladi (The report shall state whether the financial statements are
presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles).
2.
GAAP qoidalariga amal qilinmaydigan holatlar. Xulosada o’tgan yillar nuqtai
nazaridan hisobot yilida ko’zda tutilmagan holatlar mavjudligi aniqlanishi kerak (The
36
report shall identify those circumstances in the current period in relation to the
preceding period).
3.
Ma’lumotlar bilan yoritib berishning etarliligi. Moliyaviy hisobotdagi axborot
to’liq adekvat holda yoritib berilishi lozim, agarda xulosada boshqa holatlar ko’zda
tutilmagan bo’lsa. (Informative disclosures in the financial statements are to be
regarded as reasonably adequate unless otherwise stated in the report).
4.
Moliyaviy hisobot haqida fikrning to’liq bayon etilishi.
Xulosa moliyaviy
hisobotning to’liqligi haqida fikrni yoki fikrning mavjud emasligi haqida tasdiqni o’z
ichiga olishi kerak. Agarda yakuniy xulosa berilmagan bo’lsa, mos keluvchi
tamoyillar bilan inobatga olish kerak. Auditorning ismi moliyaviy hisobot bilan
bog’liq barcha hollarda xulosada auditorlik tekshiruvining aniq shakldagi turi bayon
qilinishi shart, agarda bu ko’zda tutilgan bo’lsa, shuningdek, auditor o’z
zimmasiga
oladigan mas’uliyatning darajasi haqida fikr bildirib o’tishi kerak (The report shall
either contain an expression of opinion regarding the financial statements, taken as a
whole, or an assertion to the effect that an opinion coannot be expressed. When an
overall opinion cannot be expressed, the reasons therefore should be stated. In all
cases where the auditor`s name is assotiated with the financial statements, the report
should contain a clearcut indication of the character of the auditor`s
examination, if
any, and the degree of responsibility he is taking).
AICPA tomonidan qabul qilingan umumqabul qilingan standartlar auditorlik
faoliyatining umumiy tamoyillarini, auditorlik kasbining umumiy yo’nalishlarini va
auditor faoliyatining asosiy jihatlarini belgilab berdi. Yuqorida sanab o’tilgan
standartlar asosida keyinchalik xalqaro auditorlik standartlari ishlab chiqildi.
Auditning barcha standartlari quyidagi qismlardan tashkil topadi:
1.
Umumiy qoidalar;
2.
Standartda foydalaniladigan asosiy tushuncha va qoidalar;
3.
Standartning mohiyati;
4.
Amaliy ilova.
Umumiy qoidalarda quyidagilar aks ettiriladi:
-
mazkur standartni ishlab chiqishning maqsadi va zarurligi;
37
-
standartlashtiriladigan ob’ekt;
-
standartning qo’lanilish (amal qilish) sohasi;
-
boshqa standartlar bilan o’zaro aloqasi.
Auditning Xalqaro Standartlari – AXS (International Standards of Auduting –
ISAs) Buxgalterlarning Xalqaro Federatsiyasi BXF (International Federation
Accountants – IFAC) tarkibidagi Auditorlik Amaliyoti bo’yicha Xalqaro Komitet –
AAXK (International Auditing Practice Committe) tomonidan ishlab chiqiladi. IFAC
1977 yil 7 oktyabrda tashkil topgan. Ushbu Federatsiyaga dunyodagi 100
dan ortiq
mamlakatlarning, shu jumladan, O’zbekistonning ham, milliy buxgalterlik jamoat
tashkilotlari a’zo bo’lib kirgan.
Auditning Xalqaro Standartlariga muvofiq auditorlik faoliyatining asosiy
printsiplari quyidagilardan iborat:
halollik, haqqoniylik, mustaqillik, maxfiylik va
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