Yemen Journal for Scientific Research, Volume (2), Issue

Diagram 2. Analysis of Frequencies & Percentages –Role of pragmatics in E-A translation

To conclude, the results of the second part of the questionnaire, which examined the second hypothesis showed that translators encountered factual difficulties and problems in rendering pragmatics from English into Arabic at a total percentage of 83.3% and this is due to inter-culture differences, lack of practice in pragmatics, translators' unawareness of pragmatic, inappropriate environment of learning pragmatics and lexical and semantic problems.

Conclusion
Virtually, every translation or interpretation has with it a pragmatic element at one level or the other. A good knowledge of pragmatics can enrich the study and practice of translation. Drawing from his knowledge of pragmatics, the translator could, through properly contextualized situations, capture and translate appropriately the non-linguistic dimensions of verbal communication.
The main purpose of this study was set in two hypotheses: (1) Pragmatics plays a crucial role in English-Arabic translation and (2) Translators encounter problems and difficulties in rendering pragmatics. The analysis of the study conducted among 20 Yemeni translators came up with a general conclusion supporting the hypotheses of this study. Based on the analysis of the first part of the questionnaire, the results showed that pragmatics has a significant role in English-Arabic translation with a percentage of 86.7% and average of 2.6% out of 3%. For the analysis of the second part of the questionnaire, related to the pragmatic problems and difficulties encountered translators, the results showed that translators encountered factual problems and difficulties and this was attributed to the inter-cultural differences, the translators' unawareness of pragmatics, the lack of pragmatic practice, the inappropriate environment of learning pragmatics and the difficulty in rendering lexical and semantic pragmatics. The respondents answered with a percentage of 83.3% and average of 2.5% out of 3%.
That is to say, the translator should be equipped with both linguistic, paralinguistic competencies, and also bi-cultural vision. One then may say that pragmatics enables translators to access target readers' minds and create an equivalent impact on them and hence helps translators to achieve a similar effect/ response generated by the source language. In a word, acquiring the knowledge of pragmatics enhances and facilitates the translation process.
Recommendations
Based on the findings reached by the results of this study, and for the purpose of more effective professional translation, the following recommendations are suggested.

1. 
   Translators need to enhance their understanding and awareness of pragmatics in translation.
   
2. 
   Pragmatics should be taught and practiced in a broader manner in translation programs.
   
3. 
   Translators should make greater efforts in discovering the inter-cultural differences and the lexical and semantic barriers between TL and SL languages.
   
4. 
   Appropriate and conducive environment for learning pragmatics should be taken into consideration.
   
5. 
   Further studies for finding more solutions for pragmatic problems are recommended.