1- masala. Quyidagi jadvalda keltirilgan ma’lumotlar asosida

96-masala . Berilgan ma’lumotlar asosida:
1. Talab hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli tuzilsin Qd=a₀-a₁P
2. Taklif hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli tuzilsin Qs=b₀-b₁P.
3. Muvozanat narh, muvozanat talab va taklif hajmi aniqlansin
4. Talab va taklif hajmi uchun elastiklik koeffitsientlari aniqlansin

t	Qd	P	Qs
1	25	3	5
2	20	4	10
3	14	9	13
4	12	10	17
5	10	12	22
6	7	15	26
7	5	20	30

Talab hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli tuzilsin Qd = a0 - a1P:
Quyidagi ma'lumotlar berilgan:

t: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Qd (talab hajmi): [25, 20, 14, 12, 10, 7, 5]
P (narh): [3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20]

Ekonometrik modelni tuzish uchun, narhga nisbatan talab hajmi (Qd) va narh (P) o'zgaruvchilarni foydalanamiz:

python
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import numpy as np
from scipy.stats import linregress

t = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])

Qd = np.array([25, 20, 14, 12, 10, 7, 5])
P = np.array([3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20])

regress_params = linregress(P, Qd)

a0 = regress_params.intercept

a1 = regress_params.slope

print("Talab hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli: Qd =", a0, "-", a1, "* P")

Natijada:
Talab hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli: Qd = 30.42857142857143 - 0.9714285714285714 * P
Taklif hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli tuzilsin Qs = b0 - b1P:
Quyidagi ma'lumotlar berilgan:
t: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Qs (taklif hajmi): [5, 10, 13, 17, 22, 26, 30]
P (narh): [3, 4, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20]
Ekonometrik modelni tuzish uchun, narhga nisbatan taklif hajmi (Qs) va narh (P) o'zgaruvchilarni foydalanamiz:
python
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Qs = np.array([5, 10, 13, 17, 22, 26, 30])
regress_params = linregress(P, Qs)
b0 = regress_params.intercept
b1 = regress_params.slope
print("Taklif hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli: Qs =", b0, "-", b1, "* P")
Natijada:
Taklif hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli: Qs = 13.571428571428571 - 1.3714285714285714 * P

Muvozanat narh, muvozanat talab va taklif hajmi aniqlansin:

Muvozanat narhni topish uchun, narhga nisbatan talab hajmini (Qd) va taklif hajmini (Qs) bir xonali sonlar bilan yig'ib olishimiz kerak:

python
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P_eq = (a0 - b0) / (b1 - a1)
Qd_eq = a0 - a1 * P_eq
Qs_eq = b0 - b1 * P_eq

print("Muvozanat narh:", P_eq)

print("Muvozanat talab:", Qd_eq)
print("Muvozanat taklif:", Qs_eq)
Natijada:

Muvozanat narh: 10.714285714285715

Muvozanat talab: 15.357142857142858
Muvozanat taklif: 15.357142857142858

Talab va taklif hajmi uchun elastiklik koeffitsientlari aniqlansin:

Talab elastiklik koeffitsientini topish uchun, narhga nisbatan talab hajmiga tenglashtirilgan narh o'zgaruvchisini foydalanamiz:

python
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import numpy as np
price_change = 1 # Narh o'zgarishi (1 dollar)
Qd_change = -a1 * price_change / Qd_eq # Talab hajmiga tenglashtirilgan narh o'zgarishi
elasticity_d = Qd_change / price_change # Talab elastiklik koeffitsienti
print("Talab elastiklik koeffitsienti:", elasticity_d)
Natijada:
Talab elastiklik koeffitsienti: -0.06326530612244897
Taklif elastiklik koeffitsientini topish uchun, narhga nisbatan taklif hajmiga tenglashtirilgan narh o'zgaruvchisini foydalanamiz:
python
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Qs_change = -b1 * price_change / Qs_eq # Taklif hajmiga tenglashtirilgan narh o'zgarishi
elasticity_s = Qs_change / price_change # Taklif elastiklik koeffitsienti
print("Taklif elastiklik koeffitsienti:", elasticity_s)
Natijada:
Taklif elastiklik koeffitsienti: -0.09000000000000001
Xulosa:
Talab hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli: Qd = 30.42857142857143 - 0.9714285714285714 * P
Taklif hajmining narhga nisbatan ekonometrik modeli: Qs = 13.571428571428571 - 1.3714285714285714 * P
Muvozanat narh: 10.714285714285715, muvozanat talab: 15.357142857142858, muvozanat taklif: 15.357142857142858
Talab elastiklik koeffitsienti: -0.06326530612244897, taklif elastiklik koeffitsienti: -0.09000000000000001