Grammarway 1 kitobining o’zbekcha

Bo‘lishli shakl



S+ V2
I finished my work yesterday. Kecha men ishimni tugatdim. She went to Tashkent last week.
U(qiz/ayol) o‘tgan hafta Toshkentga
bordi.


Inkor shakli



S+did not+V1
I did not finish my work yesterday. She didn’t go to Tashkent last week.


Umumiy so‘roq shakli



Did+S+V1…?
Did I finish my work yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I did not.
Did she go to Tashkent last week? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t
To‘g‘ri fe’lni Past simple-O‘tgan zamonda tuslanishi

Affirmative Bo‘lishli	Inkor shakl		Umumiy savol shakli
	Kengaytma shakl Qisqartma shakl
I finished	I did not finish	I didn’t finish	Did I finish?
You finished	You did not	You didn’t finish	Did you finish?
He finished	finish He did	He didn’t finish	Did he finish?
She finished	not finish	She didn’t finish	Did she finish?
It finished	She did not	It didn’t finish	Did it finish?
We finished	finish	We didn’t finish	Did we finish?
You finished	It did not finish	You didn’t finish	Did you finish?
They finished	We did not	They didn’t finish	Did they finish?
	finish You did
	not finish
	They did not
	finish

Noto‘g‘ri fe’lni Past simple-O‘tgan zamonda tuslanishi

Affirmative- Bo‘lishli	Inkor shakl		Umumiy savol shakli
	Kengaytma shakl Qisqartma shakl
I went You went He went She went It went We went You went They went	I did not go You did not go He did not go She did not go It did not go We did not go You did not go They did not go	I didn’t go You didn’t go He didn’t go She didn’t go It didn’t go We didn’t go You didn’t go They didn’t go	Did I go? Did you go? Did he go? Did she go? Did it go? Did we go? Did you go? Did they go?

52

Ishlatilishi

1. 
   O‘tgan oddiy zamon o‘tmishda aniq bir paytda sodir
   

bo‘lgan ish harakat yoki holat uchun ishlatiladi.
I got married in 2017.

2. 
   O‘tmishda odatga aylanib hozirga kelib sodir bo‘lmay-
   

digan ish harakatga.
Masalan
When I was a child I often played football with my friends.

3. 
   O‘tmishda ketma-ket sodir bo‘lgan ish- harakatga.
   

Yesterday I got up, washed my face and hands and then
had breakfast with my family.

4. 
   Tarixiy shaxslar va o‘tmishdagi vaqtni bildiruvchu signal
   

so‘zlar bilan Yesterday-kecha
Last week- o‘tgan hafta In 1956 - 1956-yili
Ago-oldin
Alisher Navai wrote «Khamsa».

Bo‘lishli shakl
Inkor shakl

Yasalishi

S+have/has+V3
I have worked hard. Men qattiq ishladim. He has built a house. U uy qurdi.


I have not worked hard. He has not built a house.

Have/Has+S+V3?

Umumiy so‘roq shakl

Have I worked hard?

Yes. I have. No, I have not. Has he built a house?
Yes. he has. No, he has not.

Bo‘lishli shakl		Bo‘lishsiz/inkor shakl			Umumiy so‘roq shakli
Kengayt- ma shakl	Qisqart- ma shakl	Kengaytma shakl	Qisqartma shakl
I have written You have written He has written She has written It has written We have written You have written They have written	I’ve written You’ve written He has written She’s written It’s written We’ve written You’ve written They’ve written	I have not written You have not written He has not written She has not written It has not written We have not written You have not written They have not written	I haven’t written You haven’t written He hasn’t written She hasn’t written It hasn’t written We haven’t written You haven’t written They haven’t written	Have I written? Have you written? Has he written? Has she written? Has it written? Have we written? Have you written? Have they written?

54

Bo‘lishli shakl		Bo‘lishsiz/inkor shakl		Umumiy so‘roq shakli
Kengaytma shakl	Qisqartma shakl	Kengaytma shakl	Qisqartma shakl
I have played You have played He has played She has played It has played We have played You have played They have played	I’ve played You’ve played He has played She’s played It’s played We’ve played You’ve played They’ve played	I have not played You have not played He has not played She has not played It has not played We have not played You have not played They have not played	I haven’t played You haven’t played He hasn’t played She hasn’t played It hasn’t played We haven’t played You haven’t played They haven’t played	Have I played? Have you played? Has he played? Has she played? Has it played? Have we played? Have you played? Have they played?

Ishlatilishi

1. 
   O‘tmishda noaniq bir vatda sodir bo‘lgan ish-harakatga. Bunda vaqt muhim sanalmaydi.
   

Tom has done his homework. Tom uy vazifasini qilib bo‘ldi. ( Qachon? Bu muhim emas.)

2. 
   O‘tgan zamonda boshlanib hozir ham davom etayot- gan ish-harakatga.
   

I have known Anvar for ten years. Men Anvarni 10 yildan beri bilaman.
(Biz o‘tmishda uchrashganmiz va hozir ham bir-birimizni bilamiz/taniymiz)

3. 
   O‘tmishda boshlanib yaqinda tugagan va natijasi ko‘rin- ib turgan ish-harakatga.
   

I have just painted the door.
Men hozirgina eshikni bo‘yab bo‘ldim. (Bo‘yoq hali qurimagan)

4. 
   Quyidagi signal so‘zlar bilan
   

Already-allaqachon He has already fixed your car.
Just-hozirgina He has just fixed your car. Recently-yaqinda He has recently fixed your car. Still-hanuz,hali ham He still hasn’t fixed your car. Ever-hech, bir marta Has he ever fixed your car? bo‘lsa ham
Never-hech qachon He has never fixed your car.
Yet-hanuz He hasn’t fixed your yet.
So far-shu paytgacha He has fixed two cars so far. How long-qachondan How long has he fixed your car? buyon?
Since-…dan beri (ish-harakat boshlangan vaqtga nisbatan
ishlatiladi)
For-davomida/mobaynida ( ish-harakat qancha muddat
mobaynida sodir bo‘layotganini ifodalaydi)

Since
March Monday 1945
6 o‘clock last week
I was a child yesterday

For

two days an hour a week
three years
a long time
a long time
two months

I have worked since Monday. I have worked for six days. Men dushanba kunidan Men 6 kun davomida ishlab beri ishlayman. kelyapman.

56

Past simple	Present perfect
1. O‘tmishdagi aniq bir paytda sodir bo‘lgan ish harakatga ishlatiladi. Anvar bought a house last year. Izoh: Bu gapda uyni qachon sotib olganligiga ahamiyat beri- lyapti. Shuning uchun qachon sotib olganligi yozilyapti)	1. O‘tmishda noaniq bir pay- tda ro‘y bergan ish-harakatga ishlatiladi. They have bought a car. Izoh: Bu gapda ish-harakatni o‘zi sodir bo‘lganligiga e’tibor qaratilyapti, qachon bo‘lgan- iga emas. Shuning uchun mashina qachon sotib olin- ganligi yozilmayapti.)
2. O‘tmishda bosh- lanib o‘tmishda tugagan ish-harakatga ishlatiladi. Izoh: John was a teacher three years ago. ( U hozir o‘qituvchi emas.)	2. O‘tmishda boshlanib hozirgacha davom etayot- gan ish-harakatga ishlatiladi. John has been a director for three years. Izoh: (John 3 yil oldin director sifatida ish boshladi va hozir ham director bo‘lib ishlayapti.)

1. 
   Vaqtni ifodalovchi predloglar.
   

On, in va at ish-sharakat sodir bo‘lgan vaqtni ifodalovchi va ko‘p qo‘llaniladigan predloglar hisoblanadi. Bunda ular o‘zbek tilidagi -da
qo‘shimchasiga to‘g‘ri keladi.
Masalan,
He comes home at 5 o‘clock. U uyga soat 5 da keladi. He will come in the morning. U ertalabda keladi.
He came back home on Sunday. U yakshanba kunida uyga
qaytib keldi.