47
«Zamonaviy dunyoda pedagogika va psixologiya»
nomli 4-son ilmiy, masofaviy, onlayn konferensiya
MENTAL EXPRESSION OF DIALOGUE-EXPERIENCE
Namazova Umida Saydullaevna
Lecturer, Termez state university
Annotation
: It is a way of referring to the peculiar emotional regime of late-modernity,
in contrast with that of early modernity. Specifically, it denotes a culture or way of life which,
from a structural point of view, favors the immediate satisfaction of desires and, at the same
time, places great value on the expression of emotions and adequate emotional management.
Keywords
: interest, particular, heart, expressive, poem
Verbal expressions are of particular interest. They can be spontaneous and immediate,
as are the hoots and cheers of sports fans, but they can obviously be more eloquent, articulate,
and deliberate. A funeral oration may be heartfelt and expressive of the emotion of grief; an
apology can also be heartfelt and expressive of the emotions of shame and remorse. And of
course the recitation of a love poem can serve as an expansive “I love you.” The initiating cause
of emotion,
according to James, is a perception. James did not take perception to be
a constituent of emotion, but he clearly recognized its importance. To put the matter in a way
that he did not, James recognized that an emotion must be “about” something. It is not just a
feeling based on a physiological disturbance. Thus, James alluded to intentionality, the feature
of some mental processes in virtue of which they are essentially about or directed toward an
object. Many theorists following James have revised his analysis by including perception, and
with it intentionality, as an essential part of emotion. Indeed, some theorists have claimed that
an emotion is just a special kind of perception. The concept
of emotional experience,
accordingly, has been considerably enriched to include not only physical sensations of what is
going on in one’s body but also perceptual experiences of what is going on the world. In the
study of emotion, of course, that perspective is an emotional perspective, “coloured” by the
various emotions as well as by the unique perspective of the subject. But the
common metaphor of colour does not do justice to emotional experience.
Emotion is not
something that is distinct from and somehow overlays an experience; the experience is part of
the structure of the emotion itself.
The experiential structures of emotion include, first and foremost, intentionality and what
the emotion is about—a person, an act, an event, or a state of affairs. But intentionality is
structured in turn by the subject’s beliefs and evaluative judgments about the person, act, event,
or state of affairs in question. The importance of belief in emotion has prompted many theorists
to formulate “cognitive” theories of emotion, while an emphasis on evaluation has led others to
formulate “appraisal” theories. Such theories
are often very similar, varying mainly in their
48
«Zamonaviy dunyoda pedagogika va psixologiya»
nomli 4-son ilmiy, masofaviy, onlayn konferensiya
emphasis on the primary importance of belief as opposed to evaluative judgment. They do not
challenge the importance of what is generally referred to as “feeling” in emotion, but they do
make the nature of those feelings much more complex and intriguing than in the Jamesian view.
Emotions involve knowledge, beliefs, opinions, and desires about the world. Thus, feeling must
include not only bodily feelings but the cognitively rich experiences of knowing, engaging, and
caring.
The experiential dimension of an emotion includes not only
physical sensations but
the experience of an object and its environment through the unique perspective provided by
that emotion. The experience of being angry at Smith, for example, consists to a large extent in
the experience of Smith from a certain perspective—e.g., as being offensive, hateful, or
deserving of punishment. The experience of being in love with Jones consists to a large extent
in the experience of Jones from another perspective—e.g., as being lovable, special, or uniquely
deserving of care. The experiences of anger and love also include
various thoughts and
memories and intentions to act in certain ways.
Emotional experience also includes pleasure and pain, as Aristotle insisted, but rarely as
isolated feelings. More often, different aspects of an emotion
are pleasurable or painful, as
thoughts or memories may be pleasurable or painful. The emotion as such may be pleasurable
or painful (e.g., pride or remorse), and so may one’s acknowledgement of the fact that one has
a certain emotion (delighted to be in love again, upset with oneself for getting angry or envious).
But, again, emotional matters are not always so straightforward. It is common to have “mixed
emotions,” when the countercurrents of pleasure and pain make it difficult to settle on a single
state of mind.
References:
1.
Safarov Sh.O. “Kognitiv tilshunoslik”, Toshkent, 2000
2.
Ceplair. L. Linking up (combining) words: Phrasal verbs usage.
The Unpublished
Manuscripts of Larry Ceplair. №9, 2008
3.
Claridge, C. Multi-Word Verbs in Early Modern English: A Corpus Based Study.
Amsterdam/Atlanta: Rodopi, № 3, 2000
4.
Collins Cobuild, English Grammar, London- Harper Collins Publishers, № 4, 1995