to (till) three.
Men 9 dan 3 gacha ishlayman.
Izoh: 1. -gacha qo‘shimchasi joyni ifodalaganda till, until emas, as far as ishlatiladi: I’ll
go with you as far as the station. Men siz bilan vokzalgacha boraman.
2. till, until bog‘lovchi vazifasida ham kelib, -guncha,-maguncha degan ma’noni
bildiradi:
Let us wait until (till) the rain stops. Yomg‘ir tinguncha kutib turaylik.
TO PREDLOGI
1. -ga:
Ish-harakatning biror joyga yoki biror shaxsga qarab yo‘nalishini bil-
diradi, qayrga? degan savolga javob bo‘ladi.
He went to the Crimea.
U Qrimga ketdi.
He came to the meeting
at fi ve o’clock.
U majlisga soat beshda keldi.
Send him to the manager at once.
Uni darhol menejerga jo‘ nating.
2. -ga:
Ish-harakatning kimga qaratilganligini bildiradi:
The teacher explained this
rule to the students.
O‘qituvchi bu qoidani talabalarga
tushuntirdi.
I wrote a letter to my father
yesterday.
Kecha men otamga xat yozdim.
3. O‘zidan keyin to predlogini talab qiluvchi fe’llar:
to agree to — -ga rozi
bo‘lmoq, qo‘shilmoq
He agreed to my offer.
U mening taklifi mga
qo‘shildi.
to amount to — (sum-
mani) tashkil etmoq,
-gacha yetmoq
The cost of transportation
amounts to 2000 dollars.
Yukni tashish qiymati
2000 dollarga yetadi.
to apologize to —
-dan uzr so‘ramoq
We apologized to him
for the mistake.
Biz undan xatoyimiz
uchun uzr so‘radik.
to attach to -ga ilova
qilmoq
We have attached a copy
of the telegram to the let-
ter.
Biz xatga telegram-
maning bir nusxa
sini
ilova qildik.
237
to belong to -ga tegish-
li, qarashli bo‘lmoq
This book belongs to
me.
Bu kitob menga qa-
rashli.
to happen to -ga nima-
dir bo‘lmoq
What has happened to
him?
Unga nima bo‘ldi?
to listen to -ga quloq
solmoq, -ni tingla moq
Listen to me!
Menga quloq so ling!
to object to -ga qarshi
bo‘lmoq, -ga e’tiroz
bildirmoq
He objected to my offer.
U mening taklifi mga
qarshi chiqdi.
to pay attention to -ga
e’tibor bermoq
He didn’t pay attention
to this fact.
U bu faktga e’tibor
bermadi.
to call (draw) smb.’s
attention to — birov -
ning diqqatini … -ga
tortmoq, jalb qilmoq
Did you call his atten-
tion to this fact?
Siz uning diqqatini
bu faktga jalb qildin-
gizmi?
to prefer to — -dan af-
zal ko‘rmoq
I prefer coffee to tea.
Men choydan ko‘ra
kofeni afzal ko‘raman.
to reply to -ga javob
bermoq
I r eplied to his letter
yesterday.
Men kecha uning xati-
ga javob qaytardim.
to refer to — -ga ha -
vola qilmoq, -ni dalil
keltirmoq
In his telegram he re-
ferred to our letter.
Telegrammasida u
bizning xatimizga ha-
vola qilgan.
to seem (appear) to
— tuyulmoq, bo‘lib
ko‘rinmoq
It seems (appears) to me
that something is wrong.
Menga nimadir
noto‘g‘ridek bo‘lib
ko‘rindi.
to subscribe to -ga
obuna bo‘lmoq
We subscribed to that
magazine.
Biz bu jurnalga obuna
bo‘ldik.
to telephone to — -ga
qo‘ng‘iroq qilmoq
He telephoned to his
brother.
U akasiga qo‘ng‘iroq
qildi.
to talk to bilan
to speak to
}
gaplash-
moq
I shall speak to him about
the matter tomorrow.
Men u bilan bu ma-
sala haqida ertaga
gaplashaman.
to telegraph to -ga te-
to wire to
legraf
cable dan xabar
bermoq
I telegraphed (cabled,
wired) to them yester-
day.
Men kecha ularga tele-
grafdan xabar ber dim.
238
4. to ko‘pgina sifatlardan keyin ishlatiladi:
acceptable — ma’qul, qabul qilarli
liable — lozim, kerak
attentive — e’tiborli, sinchkov
necessary — zarur, kerakli
clear — aniq, ravshan
opposite — qarama- qarshi
devoted — sodiq, fi doyi
polite — odobli, xushmuomala
equal — teng, barobar
similar — o‘xshash, bir xil
familiar — tanish
strange — begona, notanish
grateful — minnatdor
superior — eng oliy (sifatga oid)
important — muhim
inferior — eng past
kind — mehribon, rahmdil
unpleasant — yoqimsiz, noxush
known — mashhur, taniqli
useful — foydali
unknown — noma’lum
useless — befoyda
It is not clear to me why he behaved
like that.
U o‘zini nega bunday tutganligi
menga tushunarsiz (qorong‘u).
This machine is similar to model
12A in our catalogue.
Bu mashina bizning katalogimiz-
dagi 12A modelga o‘xshash.
It will be very useful to me.
Bu men uchun juda foydali bo‘ ladi.
Your proposal is acceptable to us.
Sizning taklifi ngiz bizga ma’qul.
Izoh: useful, important, strange, necessary kabi bir qator sifatlardan keyin toning o‘r-
niga for ishlatilishi ham mumkin. Bunda gapdagi predlog bilan kelgan ot yoki olmosh undan
keyin kelgan infi nitivning ish-harakatini bajaradi.
It is necessary for you to start at once. Siz darhol jo‘nashingiz zarur.
It will be very useful for me to read this book. Men uchun bu kitobni o‘qish juda foy dali
bo‘ladi.
5. To bilan iboralar:
to the amount (of) summada, hajm-
da
to the end — oxirigacha
to the north, south, west, east
(of) — (-dan) shimolga, janubga,
g‘arbga, sharqqa
to my (his) disappointment (sor-
row, joy) mening (uning) umidsiz-
ligimga (g‘amimga, xursandchi-
ligimga)
to the right (left) — o‘ngga (chapga)
in reply (answer) to — ga javoban
TO VA INTO PREDLOGLARINI TAQQOSLASH
To ham, into ham -ga ma’nosida harakatning yo‘nalishini bildiradi.
To predlogi harakatning biror shaxsga yoki narsaga yo‘nalganini bil-
dirsa, into harakatning biror narsaning ichki qismiga yo‘nalganini bil-
diradi:
239
He went to the shop.
U do‘konga ketdi.
He went into the shop.
U do‘konning ichiga kirdi.
TOWARDS PREDLOGI
1. -ga tomon, -ga qarab ma’nosida:
He was walking towards the sea.
U dengizga tomon borayotgan edi.
The ship sailed towards the south.
Kema janub tomonga suzib ketdi.
This was the fi rst step towards
re conciliation.
Bu yarashishga tomon birinchi qa-
dam edi.
2. -ga, -ga nisbatan ma’nosida:
His attitude towards this
matter is favourable.
Uning bu masalaga munosabati
yaxshi.
He is friendly towards me.
U menga nisbatan do‘stona mu-
nosabatda.
3. -ga yaqin, -gacha ma’nolarida vaqtni ifodalaydi va biror vaqtdan oldin,
biror vaqtga yaqinni bildiradi:
The rain stopped towards
mor ning.
Yomg‘ir ertalabga yaqin to‘xtadi.
We expect to receive the goods
towards the end of May.
Biz may oyining oxirigacha mol (to-
var) larni olishga umid qilamiz.
UNDER PREDLOGI
1. tagida, ostida ma’nosida joyni bildiradi (overning antonimi):
He was lying under a tree.
U daraxt tagida yotar edi.
He put the basket under the table.
U savatni stol ostiga qo‘ydi.
2. ostida (ko‘chma ma’noda) quyidagi birikmalarda ishlatiladi:
Under the guidance (control,
ma nagement, command)
rahbarligi (nazorati,boshqaruvi, qo‘-
mondonligi) ostida
under the title (heading) sarlavha
ostida
under the name
nomi ostida, nomi bilan
under fi re
o‘t (olov) ostida, ichida, o‘q ostida
under the infl uence ta’siri
ostida
3. -dan kamroq, -ga yaqin ma’nosida kamaytirilgan miqdorni bildiradi
(above ga teskari ma’noda):
There were under fi fty people there.
U yerda ellikka yaqin odam bor edi.
He is under fourty.
U qirq yoshlarga borgan edi. U
qirqdan past.
240
4. under bilan iboralar:
to be under consideration ko‘rib
chiqilmoq
under the contract (agreement)
shartnomaga ko‘ra, binoan
under the circumstances ushbu
vaziyatda
to be under discussion muhokama
qilinmoq
to be under construction qurilmoq
to be under repair ta’mirlanmoq
UP PREDLOGI
1. yuqoriga, -dan, bo‘ylab yuqoriga (antonimi down, harakat fe’lla ri
bilan pastdan yuqoriga harakatni bildiradi):
He walked up the stairs.
U zinadan ko‘tarildi.
The steamer sailed up
the
river.
Paroxod daryo bo‘ylab yuqoriga
(oqimga qarshi) suzib ketdi.
2. yuqorida, yuqoriga ma’nosida ravish bo‘lib keladi:
He looked up
and
saw
them.
U yuqoriga qaradi va ularni
ko‘rdi.
The barometr is going up. Barometr
ko‘tarilayapti.
3. oldiga (harakat fe’llari bilan biror shaxs yoki buyumning oldiga
yaqinlashishni bildiradi):
He came up and asked
me the time.
U mening oldimga keldi va vaqtni
so‘radi.
He went straight up to
the mana ger.
U to‘ppa-to‘g‘ri menejerning ol diga
bordi.
The motor car drove up
to the gate.
Avtomobil darvoza oldiga keldi.
4. to eat, to drink, to fi ll, to use, to sell, to buy, to grow va boshqa fe’llar
bilan birikib kelib, shu ish-harakatni oxirigacha amalga oshiril
ganligini
bildiradi:
He drank up all the milk.
U sutning hammasini ichib qo‘ydi.
All our ink is used up.
Hamma siyoh ishlatilib bo‘lindi.
5. up bilan keladigan fe’lli birikmalar:
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