40
New Reflections
Minister of the Left Fujiwara no Tokihira (871–909), is among the most
fascinating. There the reader encounters Michizane at the height of his
career, serving in conjunction with Tokihira, only to see him perempto-
rily exiled to Dazaifu in remote Tsukushi Province (modern-day Ky
ū
sh
ū
).
Through a series of melancholy poems, the text follows Michizane’s pro-
gress until he reaches the
ninth day of the ninth month, when
he saw the chrysanthemum blooms of the Double Nines festival in Tsu-
kushi, and he remembered how on this very night a year earlier, when he
had still been in the capital, there had been a Chrysanthemum Banquet at
the palace, and the emperor had praised a verse he had composed as out-
standing, bestowing a robe upon him. He had brought the robe with him,
and
at the sight of it, he composed a verse:
去年今夜侍清涼
Last year,
this night,
I served in the palace
秋思詩篇独断腸
In my “Autumn Thoughts” poem,
I spoke of secret
anguish.
恩賜御衣今在此
The robe bestowed
by Your Grace is here now
捧持毎日拜余香
Treasuring it, each day
I bow before its lingering
fragrance.
17
Yotsugi then praises Michizane’s poetry more broadly before moving on
to relate his death and subsequent enshrinement at Kitano Shrine, add-
ing that Michizane’s former Tsukushi residence is now known as Anr-
akuji Temple.
18
Yotsugi grants Michizane the last word, with a nod to his
deification and a poetic oracle that promises destruction “until the wound
in Sugawara’s heart/No longer gapes.”
19
Michizane’s embedded biography captures many elements that would
be familiar to Heian readers of courtly literature, prose and poetry alike.
There is a career imperiled by personal tensions, a withdrawal from offi-
cial life to become a monk, both
waka
(Japanese verse) and
kanshi
(verse
17. Ishikawa,
Ōkagami
, 69–70; translation
modified from Helen McCullough,
Ōkagami
, 98–99.
18. Ishikawa,
Ōkagami
, 71; for the corresponding events in English, see Helen Mc-
Cullough,
Ōkagami
, 99.
19. Ishikawa,
Ōkagami
, 71; translation
from Helen McCullough,
Ōkagami
, 100.
Refuge in the Past during the Final Age
41
in Classical Chinese) poetry as a vehicle for expressing emotions, and
posthumous vindication. This incident—Michizane’s memory of the
height of his career in Kyoto and the verse he composes in response—
is not simply a moving tribute to Michizane in the middle of Tokihira’s
biography. It is also a reminder of the centrality of the capital in the minds
of the literary elite, not only in the early tenth-century imagination of
Michizane but also for his late eleventh-century counterparts in the age
of
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