Science and Education in Karakalpakstan issn 2181-9203 Science Magazine chief editor

 
Резюме. 
В статье рассматривается то, как раздел этнолингвистики, который 
изучает тайны древности и страницы истории, дошедшие через язык, пишет о казахах, а 
также как определяет единицу времени в понимании кочевого казахского народа. 
Kalit so’zlar
: etnolingvistika, “vaqt” kategoriyasi, frazeologik birliklar, vaqtni 
anglatadigan birliklar.

Ключевые слова
: этнолингвистика, 
категория "время", фразеологизмы, единицы 
времени.

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Science and Education in Karakalpakstan. 2023 №2/1 ISSN 2181-9203 
352 
OBLIGATIONS ARISING FROM DAMAGE AND THEIR LEGAL NATURE 
 
Jumambetov R.J., Adilbaev B.A. 
Karakalpak state university named after Berdakh 
 
Summary:
In this article, the origin, legal nature and legal aspects of the obligations 
arising from damages are thoroughly researched. The article also analyzes in detail the norms of 
civil law regulating this type of obligations. 
Key words: 
obligation, non-contractual obligation, damage, delict, damage, liability. 
 
The concept of liability arising from damage is not defined in civil law. However, this 
concept is directly expressed in Article 985 of the FC, which states that damage caused to the 
person or property of a citizen due to an illegal act (inaction), as well as damage caused to a legal 
entity, including lost profit, must be compensated in full by the person who caused the damage. 
From this norm, it can be understood that the person who caused the damage has the 
obligation to fully compensate for the damage caused, and the victim has the right to demand 
compensation for the damage caused. This, in turn, means that there is a traditional structure 
(construction) of the obligation - creditor and debtor relations. In this case, the person causing 
damage is considered a debtor, while the victim (a person whose property, life or health was 
damaged) is considered a creditor. 
At the same time, the right of the victim to claim when the 
damage is caused is manifested as an obligation for the damager. 
In accordance with the obligations arising from damage, the person who caused damage to 
the life and health or property of a person (natural or legal entity) is obliged to fully compensate for 
the damage caused, and the victim has the right to demand compensation for the damage caused to 
him. 
It should be noted that the consequences of harming their material or immaterial interests 
sometimes arise in the constant interaction of people with each other. These damages occur as a 
result of various accidents, carelessness, intentionality, and natural disasters [1. 694]. 
In such a case, the question arises as to who will pay for the damage caused (the person who 
caused the damage or the injured person or third parties). 
Currently, legal entities and individuals are trying to use insurance services in order to 
protect themselves from unexpected losses. But it is not always possible to use the insurance service 
on time. The result is unexpected damage. 
It should be noted that the insurance compensation cannot always fully cover the damage 
caused. Therefore, it is impossible to regulate the damage caused by a single legal institution [2. 
335]. In the regulation of these relations, the institution of liability arising from damage will have 
the main place. In civil law, this type of obligations is also called delict obligations. 
In determining the legal nature of the obligations of the dilect, it is of particular importance 
to determine the relationship between this type of obligation and the concept of civil-legal liability. 
In the legal literature, the concepts of "obligation arising from damage" and "responsibility 
for damage" are used as identical concepts, and the concept of "responsibility" occupies the main 
place in this case. [3. 339] 
This situation is reflected in Chapter 57 of the Criminal Code, and this chapter is called 
"obligations arising from damage", the first article of the chapter (Article 985 of the Criminal Code) 
is devoted to the general principles of liability for damage. At the same time, in the following 
articles, the concept of "responsibility" is used, not the concept of "obligation". This means that 
there is no contradiction between these concepts, they are inextricably linked [4. 363]. 

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