Ivyokorwa Nyamukuru mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi Integuro y’Ivyigwa Agatabo ka 2 muri 5

Ivyokorwa Nyamukuru mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi

Integuro y’Ivyigwa

Agatabo ka 2 muri 5

Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi

Ibirimwo:

Icugwa ca 1: Umwitwarariko w’imbere yo Kwibaruka no Kwibarukira kwa Muganga.......8

Icigwa ca 2: Ingaburo y’Umuvyeyi.........................................18

Icigwa ca 3: Ivyunyunyu vyo mu Ngaburo (Fer na Iyode) ..................27

Icigwa ca 4: Gukaraba n’Isabune (canke Umunyota) ..................37

Icigwa ca 5: Gushiraho Igikarabiro mu Rugo................47

Icigwa ca 6: Kwikingira Malariya.........................................56

Icigwa c’7: Kwitegurira Kwibaruka n’Ivuka.....................66

Icigwa ca 8: Kwonsa Umwana Ubwo Nyene Akivuka .........................76

Icigwa c’9: Ivyokorwa mu Kwitwararika Akayoya ..............................86

Integuro y’Ivyigwa y’Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi ifise intumbero yo kwunganira ivyashikirijwe mu Gitabo Mfashanyigisho c’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure kidondora Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi.

Gutahura Integuro y’Ivyigwa

Icigwa cose gitangurira ku ntumbero. Izo nazo zikaba ari intumbero zijanye n’inyifato, ubumenyi n’ivyizerwa biba bishikirizwa muri ico cigwa. Ni mwitwararike kuraba ko imwe yose muri izo ntumbero ishizweko akatuzo muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa. Hariho ubwoko bune bw’intumbero. Kandi imwe yose muri zo yaradondowe aho musi.

Intumbero zijanye n’inyifato: Intumbero nyinshi ni intumbero zijanye n’inyifato zanditswe nk’amajambo yo kwiyemeza igikorwa. Ivyo ni ivyokorwa vyitezwe ko umurezi w’umwana yokurikiza yishimikije ubutumwa nyamukuru bwashikirijwe mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Intumbero z’ubumenyi: Nk’akarorero, twifuza ko abavyeyi boshobora gutondagura ibimenyetso vyo kugeramirwa hamwe n’inzira zitanu z’ukuntu imigera itera gucibwamwo ihererekanywa. Ivyo ni ibintu abarezi b’abana bategerezwa gufata ku mutwe muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa, bagakoresha amasanamu mu kwiyibutsa.

Intumbero z’ivyo twizera: Turazi ko ivyo twizera n’inyifato zacu bigira ingaruka ku bikorwa vyacu. Kenshi wama usanga ivyo twizera bitari vyo canke ingene dusanzwe tubona ibibazo vy’ubuzima n’isi ari vyo bitubuza gushikira ihinduka ryogira akamaro k’amagara meza.

Intumbero z’Ibituma vy’Inyifato: Intumbero z’ibituma vy’inyifato ni imvo zituma abantu bagendera (canke batagendera) mu nyifato ivuzwe. Hariho ibituma vy’inyifato munani bishoboka nk’uko vyashizwe ahabona mu vyigwa vy’umwihwezo w’intambamvyi (analyse des barrières) vyakorewe muri buri ntara. Ivyo vyigwa birerekana ibituma bihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri buri nyifato.¹ Mu gushimikira ku bituma vyafashije abakora (ni ukuvuga abarezi b’abana ku mutumba basanzwe bagendera muri iyo nyifato nshasha) turashobora guhimiriza abadakora (abarezi b’abana batagendera muri izo nyifato nshasha) ngo batsinde inzitizi zababujije kugerageza canke gushishikara iyo ngendo muri kahise.

Musi y’izo ntumbero, ibikoresho vyose bikenewe muri ico cigwa vyashizwe ku rutonde. Uwurongoye icigwa akwiye kwitwararika kuzana ibikoresho vyose bikenerwa muri ico cigwa. Mu cigwa kigira gatanu, twinjijemwo iciyumviro c’Umurongozi w’Ibikorwa azoshira umwitwarariko ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu Rutonde rw’Ivyigwa vy’Agatabo ka kabiri (Module 2). Mworaba ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Umwimenyerezo wose (ni igice c’integuro y’icigwa) werekanwa n’agasanamu gato. Ayo masanamu akoreshwa mu kwibutsa Abavyeyi Tubaramure batazi gusoma urukurikirane rw’ibiza gukorwa mu cigwa. Nk’akarorero, ni hagera ko Umuvyeyi Tubaramure abarongora mu gukina agakino, integuro y’icigwa yerekana isanamu y’umuntu atwenze aboneka nk’uwuryohewe n’ako gakino (raba aho musi). Amasanamu yo mu nteguro y’icigwa afasha Abavyeyi Tubaramure kumenya igikorwa baza gukurikizako. Ni mwihweze ivyadondowe ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi gusumba.

Igikorwa ca mbere muri buri cigwa ni agakino. Utwo dukino tugafasha abitavye gutwenga, kuja mu kamwemwe no kwitegurira igikorwa. Hariho udukino tumwe tumwe dusubiramwo kwihweza inyigisho nyamukuru abitavye bamaze kwiga. Utundi dukino tugashira imbere intumbero z’ivyizerwa. Mwitwararike kuraba ko bose bakina muri ako gakino.

Inyuma y’agakino haca hakurikira igice co guhamagara amazina no Gutora umuti w’ingorane. Abarongozi b’ivyigwa bose bazohamagara amazina y’abitavye. Ibibazo vyo gutorera umuti vyerekeye gusa abarongoye ivyigwa (Abapromoteri) basanzwe bajejwe kwigisha abandi.^2 Umupromoteri ni we akurikirana ingorane izo ari zo zose Abavyeyi Tubaramure bagize mu kwigisha ivyigwa vyatambutse. Ni murabe ivyo gukina wishira mu kibanza c’umuntu biri mu cigwa ca 4 (c’Agatabo ka 1) kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Ivyo biheze uwo arongoye icigwa aca yugurura igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho kw’isanamu ya mbere y’icigwa. Agaheza agasoma n’inkuru yanditse inyuma y’urupapuro rw’isanamu, yongerezako ibindi vy’ido n’ido n’ibindi vyo kudondora nk’uko biba bikenewe.

Inkuru iboneka muri buri cigwa ikurikirwa n’ibibazo vyo kuyagako. Ivyo bibazo bigafasha uwo arongoye icigwa kumenya ingiro y’abarezi b’abana muri ico gihe (nk’uko iba ijanye n’ico cigwa). Ico gice kikaba cerekanwa n’ijambo Gutohoza.^3 Ico gice cashiriweho guhanahana ivyiyumviro, si ico kwigisha. Witwararike guha umuntu wese akaryo ko gushikiriza iryo agona.

Isanamu igira kabiri, n’iya gatatu hamwe n’iya kane muri buri cigwa ni ayo kwigishirizako intumbero nyamukuru y’icigwa. Mumaze gusanzurura ku rupapuro rugira kabiri rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho [ngaho ni muri ya ntambuko yitwa Kwerekana], baza uti “mubona iki muri iyi sanamu?” Abahari ni bishure kandi badondore ico biyumvira ko ayo masanamu yo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho ubashikiriza.

Hanyuma uce usigura inyigisho iri muri ayo majambo yanditse inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho. Na none kandi incamake y’izo nyigisho yerekanwa mu ryungane rigufi ridondora ibiri mw’isanamu mfashanyigisho riba ryanditse kuri urwo rupapuro ruriko ico gicapo. Mwitwararike gusigura buri gicapo mukoresheje ayandi mungane atondetse inyuma y’igicapo (canke mu nteguro y’icigwa). Integuro y’ivyigwa isanzwe irimwo ibindi vyiyumviro vyongeweko vyo gufasha uwigisha. Kandi ivyo vyiyumviro vyongeweko ntibikenewe ko vyozanwa ngo biyagweko mu cigwa.

Inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho igira kane y’icigwa, hakurikira igikorwa. Ivyo bikorwa ni imyimenyerezo “yo gukora” ifasha abitavye gutahura no gushira mu ngiro ivyo bize. Vyinshi muri ivyo bikorwa bikenera ibikoresho binaka n’imyiteguro itomoye.

Guhera mu rutonde rw’ivyigwa vyo mu Gatabo ka 2, Uwurongora ibikorwa ajejwe gutegura ibikoresho biza gukenerwa mu Gakorwa kajanye n’ico Cigwa. Uwuzoba umurongozi w’Igikorwa mu Rutonde rw’ivyigwa vy’Agatabo ka kabiri atorwa mu Cigwa ca 5 (c’Agatabo ka 1). Umurongozi w’Ibikorwa abanza kubonana n’Uwurongora ivyigwa mu minota cumi imbere ya buri cigwa kugira ngo bavugane ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu gikorwa kijanye n’icigwa kizokurikira. Uwo azezwa ibikorwa ni we afise uruhara rwo kuvugana n’abandi (Abavyeyi Tubaramure canke ababanyi) muri wa mwanya wo “guhamagara amazina no gutora umuti w’ingorane” kugira ngo atunganye ikibazo c’ibikoresho bizokenerwa mu nama izokurikira, akabasaba ko bokwitanga bakazozana ivyo bikoresho bikenewe. Uwurongoye ivyigwa ni we azobarongora muri ico gikorwa, ariko uwo yajejwe ibikorwa nawe akazoza aramushigikira mu gutegekanya abitanga no mu gufasha uwurongoye ivyigwa nk’uko biba bikenewe muri ako kanya k’igikorwa.

Ico gikorwa giheze, uwurongoye ivyigwa aca arangura ibijanye no Gucaca hamwe no Gutomora. Ubwo buryo bwo kwigisha bukoreshwa mu gushimikisha kwigisha gukorana n’uwiga (methode participative). Ubwo buryo burasigurwa ido n’ido mu Rutonde rw’ibiri mu cigwa ca 2 (c’Agatabo ka 1).

	Mu gice kijanye n’ijambo Gucaca Uwurongoye ivyigwa arabaza ko hoba hariho intambamyi zobuza abarezi b’abana kugerageza izo ngendo nshasha. Baraheza bakayaga kuri izo ntambamyi hanyuma bagaca batandukira igice gikurikira.
	Uwurongoye ivyigwa araheza Agatomorera abarezi b’abana uburyo bokoresha mu gutora umuti w’ingorane zashikirijwe. Uwo Arongoye ivigwa akabashikiriza kandi ibindi vyiyumviro canke ubundi buryo bwo kubona ibintu bwofasha abo barezi b’abana gutahura ingene boshishikara gutera imbere.

Haca hakurikira Kwimenyereza. Iki gice ni nkenerwa mu kwigisha Abavyeyi Tubaramure. Dushaka kumenya neza ko batahuye ivyo bazokwigisha kandi ko bashoboye kubishikiriza abandi neza. Muri ico gikorwa co mu mugwi muto, Umupromoteri arashobora gukurikiranira hafi kandi akaza arakosora abagifise ingorane.

Hanyuma Uwurongoye Ivyigwa aca asozerera ku ntambuko zo Kwiyemeza no Gusuzuma.

	Uwujejwe ivyigwa asaba Umuvyeyi Tubaramure (canke abarezi b’abana) kwiyemeza ko bagiye gutangura kugendera mu ngendo nshasha bamaze kwiga. Ivyo iyo bavyemeye, abarezi b’abana bakwiye kuvyatura mu majambo bivugiye. Abo barezi b’abana ni bo bategerezwa kwihitiramwo. Nta n’umwe akwiye kubagoberera kwiyemeza ikintu mu gihe bacumva ko batiteguye.
	Igice ca nyuma ni co Uwujejwe ivyigwa asuzuma ibikorwa vy’Abavyeyi Tubaramure (canke vy’abarezi b’abana) yishimikije inyigisho bakuye mu cigwa giherutse. Uwujejwe ivyigwa akabahimiriza ngo bagerageze izo ngendo nshasha batari bwashikeko.

Ivyigwa vyose bikurikiza urwo rutonde rushikirijwe aho hejuru. Ivyo vyigwa birashobora kuringanizwa neza iyo bikenewe kugira ngo bijane n’ivyo Umugwi Tubaramure wawe ukeneye. Ivyigwa ntibikwiye kumara umwanya urenga amasaha abiri naho bishobora gushika ivyigwa bimwe bimwe bigatwara igihe kirekire gusumba ibindi. Umwanya wogenerwa buri gice urerekanwa ngaho musi.

IIzina ry’igice	Umwanya wokenerwa kuri ico gice
Agakino Guhamagara amazina no Gutora umuti w’ingorane Inkuru hamwe na Gutohoza (Isanamu ya 1) Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu ya 2) Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu ya 3) Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu ya 4) Igikorwa Caca Tomora Kwimenyereza no Kumenyereza Kwiyemeza Gusuzuma	iminota 10 iminota 5- 15 iminota 10 iminota 5 iminota 5 5 iminota iminota 15 iminota 10 iminota 5 iminota 20 iminota 2 iminota 15
	Isaha 2

Gukenguruka

Hanold, Mitzi J. (2010) Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi Integuro y’Ivyigwa y’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure. Washington DC. Food for the Hungry (FH), yashoboye gutunganywa ku bw’ubufasha bwatanzwe na Office of Food for Peace, Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistances, hamwe kandi na USAID mu masezerano AID-FFP-09-00004-00. Ivyiyumviro vyashikirijwe ngaha ni ivy’umwanditsi kandi si ukuvuga ko bitegerezwa guserura iciyumviro ca USAID.

Turakengurukiye cane abaducapiye [ngaha ni muhashire izina ry’uwo ngaho iwanyu acapa aya masanamu], Ocatvio Gonzales na Petra Röhr-Rouendaal. Ababitosoye nabo barimwo Carolyn Wetzel (FH), Dr. Dieudonne Bikorimana (FH), Deanna Olney (IFPRI), Mary Hennigan (CRS), Dr. Dismas Nduwimana (CRS), Isaac Kilimushi-Hamuli (IMC), na Regine Pachis Nihoreho (CRS). Hamwe mwoba mufise ibibazo canke ico mushikiriza, mwoshikira umwanditsi kuri [e-mail].

Ibindi bitabo vyakoreshejwe mu gutegura ibiri muri aka gatabo birimwo ibi bikurikira:

• 
  Beck, Diana, et al. Care of the Newborn: Reference Manual. DC: Save the Children, 2004.
  
• 
  Burns, A. August, et al. Where Women Have No Doctor. Berkley: Hesperian Foundation, 1997. Available: http://www.hesperian.org/index.php
  
• 
  Rohr-Roendaal, Petra. Where There is No Artist. Development drawings and how to use them. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1997.
  

100 ways to energize groups: games to use in workshops, meetings and the community. Available at www.aidsalliance.org. International HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2002.

Icigwa ca 1: Umwitwarariko w’Imbere yo Kwibaruka no Kwibarukira kwa Muganga

Abavyeyi bibungenze bazoja gupimisha imbanyi n’iburiburi incuro zitatu mu gihe bazomara bibungenze kuva ku musi wa mbere batanguye kubonerako ibimenyetso bibereka ko bibungenze.Bahanurwa ko boja gupimisha imbanyi rimwe mu mezi atatu.

Abagore bazoja kwa muganga kwipimisha ni vyashika bakiyumvira ko boba basamye, kandi ivyo bazobikora naho boba bumva ko bamerewe neza ata ngorane z’amagara bafise.

Gupimisha imbanyi bifasha kumenya ko umwana ariko arakura neza mu nda kandi ko na nyina abandanya kugira amagara meza.

• 
  Abarezi b’abana bazoshobora kudondora ubufasha abagiye gupimisha imbanyi bahabwa.
  

Umuganga azopima igikuriro n’ingene umwana ameze mu nda mu gupima imbanyi y’umugore.

Umuganga azoha abavyeyi ivyunyunyu vyo kubunganira (fer na vitamine) kugira ngo akingire umwana ingorane zo mu mubiri canke mu mutwe.

Umuganga arashobora gucandaga umuvyeyi kugira ngo amukingire tetanus we n’umwana yibunganze.

Umuganga azosuzuma ko hoba hari imigera (infections) umuvyeyi yanduye yoshobora kugirira nabi umwana, yoba:

1. 
   Imigera itera gukama amaraso (inzoka zo mu nda canke malariya)
   
2. 
   Imigera yandukira mu bihimba vy’irondoka na SIDA.
   
3. 
   Toxemia (umuvuduko w’ikirenga w’amaraso no kuvyimba ibiganza no mu maso).
   

Umuganga azoca abaha imiti ni hagira imigera abasangamwo.

Umuganga azopima umuvyeyi kugira ngo arabe ko yoba afise ingwara canke ubumuga vyotuma ageramirwa no gupfa ariko aribaruka canke hagapfa umwana.

Abarezi b’abana bazotunganya integuro yo kwibaruka.

Abarezi b’abana bazoza baraziganya amafaranga y’itike rizobashikana kw’ivuriro.

Abarezi b’abana bazobika impuzu zisukuye z’umwana na nyina. Umuvyeyi arashobora kandi no kuzokenera ibihuzu vyo gutega amaraso azova ahejeje kwibaruka.

Abarezi b’abana bazotekera imfungurwa n’amazi umuvyeyi azokwihereza ahejeje kwibaruka.

Abarezi b’abana bazorondera umuntu azosigara abarabira abana bakuze kandi wo gusigarana urugo mu gihe umuvyeyi azoba yagiye kwibaruka.

Ibikoresho:

1.Ibitabo vyo Guhamagariramwo Amazina vy’Abavyeyi Tubaramure

Icigwa ca 1 mu ncamake:

Agakino: Abantu ku Bandi

Guhamagara Amazina no Gutora Umuti w’Ingorane

Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato iriko irihwezwa: Kuja kwa Muganga

Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ziri mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho ku mpapuro za 6-11 zivuga ivy’Umwitwarariko w’imbere yo Kwibaruka, Ubufasha butangwa kwa muganga, no Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka.

Igikorwa: Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka

Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho

Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi

Kwimenyereza babiri babiri

Kwiyemeza

Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye no kwitwararika abana mu buryo budasanzwe no kubaha agaciro.

1. Agakino: Abantu ku Bandi - iminota 10

1. 
   Saba umugore wese arondere uwo bakinana maze amuhagarare i ruhande.
   

2.Ubasigurire ko uwurongoye agakino aza kuvuga ico bakora, maze abo babiri bagaca bakoranyako ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bivuzwe.

3.Nk’akarorero, uwurongoye agakino ni yavuga ati, “Umugongo ku wundi” abariko barakinana baca bahagarara bagakoranyako imigongo. Uwurongoye agakino avuze ati, “Ikiyunguyungu ku kindi” abo bakinana baca bahagarara bagakoranyako ibiyunguyungu. Uwurongoye agakino avuze ati, “Amavi ku yandi” Uwo ariko arakina aca akoranyako amavi n’uwo bakinana. Ariko rero, uwurongoye agakino ni yavuga ati, “Umuntu ku wundi” umwe wese ategerezwa guca yiruka kurondera uwo bakinana mushasha.

4.Za urababwira ibindi bishasha bakora ukoresheje ibihimba vy’umubiri bitandukanye.

5.Shishikara kubabwira ivyo bakora bishasha ukoresheje ibihimba vy’umubiri bitandukanye gushika ubonye ko abo bagore bose bariko baratwenga kandi binezereje.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, ni muze dutangure icigwa cacu.

2. Guhamagara Amazina no Gutora Umuti w’Ingorane

1. 
   Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane c’Agatabo ka mbere (Module 1).
   

6.Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera hamwe n’abo Bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari ngaho.

7.Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’Inkerebutsi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

8.Umu Promoteri agaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Kuja kwa Muganga (Isanamu 1.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru

Soma inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 4 rw’igitabo mfashanyigisho.

Usigure ivy’abo bantu babiri bavugwa muri iyo nkuru: Karorero ni wa mugore nyene twabonye mu Gitabo (module) duhejeje. Ni Umuvyeyi Tubaramure kandi yama abonana n’umugwi Tubaramure wiwe buri kwezi. Barumwete nawe ni umwe mu bagize umugwi w’Inkerebutsi urongowe na Karorero. Tuzokwihweza vyinshi kuri Barumwete hamwe n’ibibazo bimuhanze muri aka Gatabo (module).

Iyi nkuru ni iyo guhimiriza ikiyago ku budasa buri hagati yo kuja kwa muganga kwivuza no kuja kwa muganga mu ntumbero yo kwikingira ibigeramira amagara (preventive).

Barumwete abonye Karorero ariko ararengana mu nzira. Barumwete aramubaza, ati “Ugiye hehe?” . Karorero amwishura, ati “Ngiye kwa Muganga. Ndibungenze kandi nshaka ko jewe hamwe n’akayoya nibungenze twoshishikara kugira amagara meza.” Barumwete nawe ati, “Mushishikare kugira amagara meza? None ugomba kuvuga ko utagwaye? Jeho nahora niyumvira ko abantu bagwaye gusa ari bo baja kwa muganga.”