Conference committees conference chairs c
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS
- TYPES OF INTERPRETATION Dünya BAYRAMOVA
- Consecutive Interpreting
- Sign language interpreting
- Sight translation or interpretation
- WHY TRANSLATION “TO BE” Ulvi OCAQLI
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TRANSLATION OF PROPER NAMES Ümbül XOCAYEVA Qafqaz University xocayevaumbul@gmail.com AZƏRBAYCAN
things in general, for example: James, Julia, France ,Tokyo, Central Park, The Times ,Eifel Tower, Times Square, Barcelona etc, and b) proper nouns that have been transformed into proper names, such as; Turkish Airlanes ,the Labour Party,etc. However, it is not always easy to find differences between them.Therefore , they are most often used interchangeably. IV INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF YOUNG RESEARCHERS 1614
Qafqaz University 29-30 April 2016, Baku, Azerbaijan Generally, nouns are classified as proper and common nouns. Common nouns are everywhere and you use them every time , even if you don’t realize it. When you go somewhere, you’ll see at least one common noun. Street, restaurant , school, mall, hotel; all of these places are named by using common nouns. Proper nouns; in real life, proper nouns are accepted meaningless words and only they are used for special names. Proper nouns are using for a specific person, place, or thing. The actual names of people are proper nouns. They are the names of states, streets, rivers, oceans, countries, institutions, churches, and the titles that come before a person's name . A proper noun is always capitalized. If a name and surname are not given correctly as in identify card, translator can translate them with self-comment in order to rules of transcription. Translation of names and surnames into Azerbaijan’s language include to these rules too. Writing is given always like in foreign language; For example; Steve Johns – Stiv Cons (Steve Johns)
The foreign names should be translated under the rules of a foreign language’s pronunciation. For example: Paul - Paul (ger), Paul (fr), Paul (eng.), Not Paul Traditionally, Russified names are excepted; For example; Nikolaus Kopernikus – Nikolay Kopernik Article in foreign names and surnames, prepositions, and particles; da, das, del, de etc. are written separately from name and are transcribed. For example; von der Stolz – fon der Ştols. If article, prepositions and particles make single word with surname, connect to surname with hyphen and apostrophe or mentioned with capital letter are written with capital letter. For example; O’Neill - O’Nill, Van de Graaf – Van-de-Qraaf, Laplace – Laplas Mas, Mc, Saint are connecting to names by hyphone and are written with capital letter in translation. For example; McClain – Mak-Kleyn, Saint Lawrence – Sent-Lourens However, there are exceptions to this general rule. For example; Makkarti, Makdonalds, Makkenzi If the prepositions, particles are in the middle of names, they are written with hyphen and line letter. For example; Fernandez y Gõzâles – Fernandes-i-Qonsales Chinese surnames and names consist of two parts: the first part - the surname, the second part - the name. Both parts are written with a capital letter, as well. For example; Li Vo, Si Bayşi Translation of Azerabijan’s names and surnames should be applied to these rules. While geographic names are translated to foreign language or from foreign language, translators can use professional dictionaries, reference books, the Internet and checked sources. Geographic names which are not proven in maps, atlases or other sources should be transcribed with Azerbaijan’s letters and should be given in bracket in the first place of text. Later, only transcribed names are being used. Adresses are translated partly, in this time country, region and city names are translated, but names of streets and buildings are given in transcription. For example; ul. Gaya, 52-43-Qaya küçəsi, 52-43Minsk city-Minsk şəhəri, Republic of Belarus-Belarusiya According to customer’s order address can be given in original language with the full version In conclusion, it is not incontrovertible reality that English is significant language all over the world. But this fact doesn’t mean that other languages are unimportant. At the same time language which has prestige can’t change structure of other languages, it is unacceptable. Surely, every language can affect to others. Translation of foreign proper names to Azerbaijan and their writing are including to language’s standarts. When they are translated, phonetical and morphological features should be considered.
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Qafqaz University 29-30 April 2016, Baku, Azerbaijan TYPES OF INTERPRETATION Dünya BAYRAMOVA Qafqaz Universiteti dunya.bayramova@live.com AZƏRBAYCAN
simultaneously or consecutively, between the members of the different languages as well as cultures. Depending on the situation and the context where the conversation takes place different types of interpretation are used. Simultaneous Interpreting Simultaneous interpretation is also called conference interpretation. In simultaneous interpretation the speaker does not stop his speech in order to wait for the interpreter. And the interpreter interprets while the speaker is delivering his or her speech. As the speaker and the interpreter are speaking at the same time, the process is called "simultaneous". Now we may think of “While speaking at the same time, how come are the participants of the conference able to hear the interpretation product?” The answer is: through special technical equipment called simultaneous interpretation equipment within a sound proof interpretation booth. This equipment is connected to a wireless transmitter and uses wireless interpretation receivers. In the soundproof booth, interpreters immediately interpret into the target language, transmitting to audience members wearing receivers. Simultaneous interpreters almost always carry out their task within teams of two or more taking their turns every 20 to 30 minutes. This type of interpretation activity is very challenging and mentally exhausting and requires high levels of concentration. That is why before starting the interpretation the interpreters should keep calm and be mentally relaxed. They need have a rest frequently. Simultaneous interpretation requires continuous training, experience, operative memory and also God given talent.
The most common form of interpretation is consecutive interpretation. In this type of interpreting a speaker speaks and then pauses while the interpreter interprets what he or she said into another language. Then the interpreter stops, and the speaker continues to deliver his or her speech. This pausing is called "consecutive", meaning one after the other. This back and forth continues until they are finished. Consecutive interpretation is implemented either inside around the table or outside. Often a consecutive interpreter uses pen and paper so that they can easily take note on the exact data, numbers, years in the speaker's speech. He or she may also use some signs or symbols and figures in order to remember special words, events and etc. This helps them to remember what was said after a very long statement. Sometimes the speaker speaks too long without stopping and in this case the interpreter should have to interrupt them to convey main and exact nuances. Otherwise it may lead to misinterpreting, loss of any information. Consecutive interpretation is very flexible and perfect for court, interviews, doctor appointments, board meetings, seminars, technical tours, on-site facility tours and negotiations and etc.
Whispering requires the same skill level the same as simultaneous interpreting, but does not use full equipment. Whispering is required in small meetings and conferences when only several foreign guests, usually up to 2-3, take part in the conversation. An interpreter sits next to them and interprets with whispering.
signs. An interpreter participates for both deaf and hearing individuals. The act of interpreting occurs when a hearing person speaks, and an interpreter conveys the speaker's intention into sign language, or other forms used by the deaf party(ies). The interpreting also happens in reverse: when a deaf person uses signs, an interpreter renders the meaning expressed in the signs into the oral language for the hearing person. The process is carried out either as simultaneously or consecutively by using hand signs. Learning these signs requires another skill from the interpreter.
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Qafqaz University 29-30 April 2016, Baku, Azerbaijan Sight translation or interpretation Sight translation is the process if reading the message by the interpreter from the source language and conveying into the target language. Reading and interpreting happen at the same time and it requires the interpreter’s alertness and attention, fluency and quick memory. This is usually applied in the conferences, meeting where there is a need for interpreting from written text into another. Written source may be books, magazines or even power point presentations and slides. Escort interpreting Escort interpreting is a type of interpretation that here what is said by the client is orally translated by the interpreter simultaneously or consecutively into the target language. Escort interpreter usually named as a travel interpreter, travels together with the client on business trips and mostly he or she behaves as an assistant of the client. Escort interpreting is considered informal, because it may happen everywhere the client requires: in the small and large meetings, street, shopping mall, theatre, hotel, restaurant, among fellows and etc.
Qafqaz University narminmikayilova@yahoo.com AZERBAIJAN
factors make a qualified translator and what skills are required to deal with linguistic difficulties. Being a professional translator demands various features in the workplace. Translation is no longer accepted exclusively cross-linguistic notion, but cross-cultural communication. Cultural variety is expanding across the globe, and the most effective means of mentoring it is a language. A competent translator has got the significant role in promoting cultural contacts and exchanging the material rapidly. It is an obvious fact that theoretical and practical skills are not decent enough to be a professional translator. So, regarding of these facts, what makes a good translator? The pivotal aspect in translation is rendering the idea from source language into the target one, while preserving the underlying meaning. Usage of dictionaries requires a great competency , words have diverse meanings in different contexts . Students need a lot of practice to asset the designated connotation of words in a specific context. Whether a student wants to be a well-qualified translator , there are many crucial matters that he should adhere. Extensive reading has to be irreversible activity for the future translator’s life, but a student should not confine himself in one category. It should include advertisements, recipes, articles, journals, newspapers, modern literature and etc. Reading article will not only give receptive skills to the translator, but also will provide with the deep insight which will be intuitively realized while actual translating. Writing is of paramount importance to both source and target languages as well. Editing and punctuation enhance the essence and readability of translation. Listening is another factor that needs to be pointed out. A translator has to be very vigilant to grasp the idioms, expressions and specific vocabularies. Comprehension of the language does not make a competent translator, however a qualified translator must have deeply understanding the value of source language. They should discover the hidden meaning in the context. It is commonly stated that one should translate ideas not words. A translator merely causes harm and confusion by using term but the one generally accepted in a certain area. If a person has a strong passion about learning language, it can take him far beyond, otherwise it will become dull and will affect the person’s output and quality. Translators must have the ability to research in order to translate documents in high quality. Without a doubt translators should keep confidentiality and fidelity alive even after translation is completed. He is not allowed to share the data even with his own family. Obviously not everyone is meant to be a translator, many people assume that knowing a second language fluently qualifies you as a professional translator .That is
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Qafqaz University 29-30 April 2016, Baku, Azerbaijan apparently wrong assumption, because a translator should have broad range of world view and cultural awareness. A competent translator is someone who is able to translate accurately and consecutively. He has to comply to some ethic norms while speaking in two languages fluently. A translator is not allowed to interrupt or add something new to reporter’s speech, he has to be neutral about the issues which are discussed. Apparently they should possess specific characters, such as world outlook, self-discipline, being aware of technological advancements, note-taking capacity and etc.They are supposed to restrain their nerves and keep their bodies healthy, otherwise it would make delegates anxious during the simultaneous translation. A translator should own clear and a loud voice in order to make audience perceive the speech directly. An interpreter should be delicate about the outfit as well. Women are not supposed to wear short skirts, heavy makeup and high heels, in those circumstances they could not be treated as professional. Men should also seem neat and smart, so that ties and suits make them seem smarter. Responsible behavior, dignity without arrogance and even cleanliness can strongly influence the delegate’s perception of quality. To sum up, if you want to become a well-qualified translator you have to undertake many responsibilities and go on without hesitating for your own aspiration and aim.
WHY TRANSLATION “TO BE” Ulvi OCAQLI Qafqaz University mrocaqli@gmail.com AZERBAIJAN
every development stage. As spheres needing translation differ in many ways, so the need does. The demand occurs since translation also involves transforming meaning. The vital performance of translators in today’s world due to the fact that they play a mediator role between distinctive cultures. Every day we interact or even may give our contributions to the global economy, the economy ultimately plays a great role in our daily life. Taking into account all transactions, we can perceive translators’ crucial duty concerning the improvement of communities, as well as companies, more apparently. Indeed they are transferring agreements in the shade of intentions. The companies operating in several countries are in enormous need of translation. That’s why all the suggestions and requirements must be translated accurately. Otherwise it will lead to huge amount of money loss. What’s more, in order to realize international diplomacy humankind needs translators. The current cumbersome situations of many countries emphasize the unprecendented part of translator and interpreters on external affairs. Leafing through the pages of history we can notice wars triggered by misunderstanding. By the way, translators also have some “ethics and rights”. According to the history, we can easily observe that, Stalin has never known these rights. During the contract between USSR and GBR. There was a translator called name James Curtin and he knew Russian, English, and even Arabic very well. That’s because also understood and got some point of view about two leaders. At the end of reconciliation Churcill asked: What about translator?- “ He has been killed”- Stalin answered. As translation itself must be regarded as a kind of art rather than science, it plays an immense role on transferring meaning of artworks.The importance for subtitling and dubbing of movies is clear. Additionally, the experts of the fields can get internationally known by this means. For instance, during the translation of Rembrant art Day, Ladley Jay gained 1.6 million dollars from one elite translation job. It shows that translation is also a1 occupation all over the world. Furthermore, translation’s vital role is remarkable through conveying the news, as well. The information indigenous and foreign people get from the news shapes the image of the country Moreover, tourism is one the fields that generate most of the state revenues. Therefore, proper translation must step the in process of presentation of regional parts of the country. In addition, the
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Qafqaz University 29-30 April 2016, Baku, Azerbaijan necessity for literary translation seems inevitable as it has more than one aspect. First, it makes unapproachable audiences available, besides it can be translated again by the people who knows target language, but not source of language. One unacceptable mistake was made in Turkey. Celal Merter was the marketing manager in “Merter Tekstil”. He wanted to made a visit card by himself. He has done this procedure within “Google Translate”. The result: Celal Merter- Sundaying Manager. It reveals the importance of human translation. Taking into consideration all these nuances, we can define translators and interpreters as warriors dealing with transferring the most accurate and real meaning of remarks. We eventually see that translation is now sharply crucial job. Translation makes a profound impact on headway of societies as it plays a particular bridge role between countries, as well as cultures. As today’s people we should be pleasant to translators as we are lucky enough to be able to get information form Mass media. For take a little conclusion, VOA, BBC, CNN’s local representer and translator Mehriban Wonderkind is a known mass media translator in Azerbaijan border. Saying Grossman quoted that: “Translation not only plays its important role as The menas that allows us access to literature originally written in one of the countless languages we cannot read, but it also represents a concrete literal presence with the crucial capacity to ease and make more meaningful our relationships to those with whom we may not have connection before. Translation always helps us to know, to see from a different angle, to attribute new value to individuals, we have a critical need for that kind of understanding and insight. The alternative is unthinkable. Edith Grossman is well-known translator within “ 100 Years Solitude”. Even Gabriel Garcia noticed: “ The translation of this book better than original”. ТРУДНОСТИ ПОНИМАНИЯ МЕТАФОРЫ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ НАУЧНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ Günay MIRZƏYEVA Azərbaycan Dillər Universiteti m@guna.inbox.ru AZƏRBAYCAN
основой для образования специальных терминов, в научной области знаний. Этот процесс сопровождается установлением новых ассоциативных связей между объектами и явлениями, что обусловливает развитие терминологического базиса данной научной сферы . Удачные научные термины, как правило, являются метафорами, например: ротор, проводник, социальная. В подобном термине учитываются необходимые и достаточные признаки терминируемого понятия; термин не только называет понятие, но и определяет его. В научной метафоризации одним из основных моментов является создание необходимого термина для выражения определенной научной концепции. В системе вербальных средств научного дискурса выделяются общенаучные термины, предназначенные для выражения категорий, понятий, применимых ко многим областям научного знания. Междисциплинарные термины, будучи интегрирующими средствами для различных областей знаний и практики, унифицируют научный язык. Например: сальник (техн); маятник (физ.) и маятниковое облучение (мед.). Узкоспециальная терминология образует слой специфических для каждой отрасли знания наименований. При недостатке логических характеристик определенного явления в узкоспециальной терминологии нередко используются образы например: manual transmission (букв. «ручная» трансмиссия, то есть механическая) или jack (домкрат; англ. jack – мальчик на побегушках, слуга, человек, занимающийся физическим трудом). Термины метафоры технического дискурса представляют особый класс психолингвистических феноменов, привлекающих к себе повышенное внимание со стороны слушающего. Все специальные единицы, они ограничены рамками профессионального общения. |