IX GLOSSARIY
Termin
O
‟zbek tilidagi sharxi
Ingliz tilidagi sharxi
Farmakologiya
grekcha
so„z
bo„lib,
"rharmacon"- dori, "logos" fan,
o„rganuvchi iboralardan iborat
bo„lib,
odam
va
xayvonlar organizmiga
dorilar
yuborilgandan keyin unda ro„y
beradigan
o„zgarishlarni
o„rganuvchi fandir.
Pharmacology (. From the
Greek ssmbkpn -
«Medicine", "poison" and lgpt - «the
word" the "doctrine") -
biomedical science
of medicinal substances and their
effects on the body; in a broader sense -
the science of the physiologically
active substances in general
Pharmacokinetika
dorilarning so„rilishini ularni va
ular-ning
metobolitlarini
organizmdagi
xarakatini,
to„kima va suyukliklardagi qons-
yasini
xamda
ularning
organizmdan chikib ketishini
o„rganadi.
Pharmacokinetics (from the ancient
Greek ssmbkpn
-.
Medicine and
kYAnzuyt - motion) - Section of
Pharmacology, studying kinetic laws of
chemical and biological processes that
occur with the drug in a mammal. The
pharmacokinetics are not to be confused
with
the
pharmacodynamics;
say
pharmacokinetics - is the study of
chemical reactions in the body drugs,
whereas
pharmacodynamics
-
the
science of the mechanism of action of
drugs on the body.
Umumiy
farmakologiya
farmakologiyani
metadologiyasini,
dori
moddalari
tufayli
kelib
chikadigan umumiy qonun va
koidalarni,
yangi
dorilarni
yaratishdagi
umumiy
ko„llanmalarni, davolash
va
profilaktika uchun ishlatiladigan
dorilarning kiyosiy kimmatini va
ularning ko„llashini ratsional
yo„llarini
xamda
farmakodinamika va farmako-
kinetikasini o„rganadi.
General pharmacology
studies the
general laws of interaction of drugs with
the organism, ie, pharmacodynamics
and pharmacokinetics.
Enteral usul
dorilarning oshkozon-ichak yo„li
orkali yuborishga aytiladi: til
ostiga, og„iz orkali, zond bilan
12 barmokli ichakka va to„g„ri
ichakka xukna kilish.
Enteral
route
drugs
-
in
the
gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
Parenteral usul
dorilarni
oshkozon-ichakdan
tashkari
yo„llar
orkali
yuborishga aytiladi. Teri orasiga,
shillik kavatlarga, teri ostiga,
bo„shliklarga,
mushaklar
The parenteral route of administration
of drugs (injection) - the introduction of
drugs to bypass the digestive tract (. See
diagram below). Injections are widely
used in medical practice.
230
orasiga, venalarga, arteriyalarga,
orka miya kanaliga, suyaklar
orasiga,
Yurak
mushagiga,
bo„g„imlarga,
ionaforezlar
kiradi.
Presinaptik
parda .
- gangliyagacha bo„lgan kism
presynaptic membrane
(Membrana presynaptica, LNH; pre
synapse +) portion of the surface
membrane of nerve fibers, through
which neurotransmitter is released into
the synaptic cleft; structural element of
the synapse.
Postsinaptik parda
gangliyadan keyingi kism
Postsynaptic
membrane
Specialized
area of the postsynaptic membrane are
adrenergic receptors.
Nerv sinapslari
deb nervni nerv bilan va nervni
organ bilan tutashgan joyiga
aytiladi. Sinaps atamasi ingliz
fiziologi SHerrigton tomonidan
kiritilgan
Synapse
(Greek
uenbshyt,
from
uxnrfeyn -. Connection link) - a place of
contact
between
two
neurons
or
between a neuron and a receiving signal
effector cell.
Xolinoretseptorla
rni
ko„zg„atuvchi
moddalar
xolinomimetiklar,ularni
falajlovchi
moddalar-
xolinolitiklar deb ataladi.
substances
stimulating
cholinergic
receptors - biochemical systems of the
body, which responds to acetylcholine.
Cholinergic
receptors
are
not
homogeneous.
Maxalliy og„rik
koldiruvchilar
deb
sezuvchan
nerv
(afferent)
oxirida
va
nerv
tolalarida xosil bo„layotgan nerv
impulslarni va ularning nerv
tolalaridan o„tkazuvchanligini
yo„kotuvchi
moddalarga
aytamiz.
Local anesthetics or local anesthetics -
drugs that cause local numbness, pain in
the first place.
M-xolinolitiklar
deb,
parasimpatik
nervning
postganglionar
tolalar
bilan
boglik
a‟zo
tukimasida
joylashgan postsinaptik parda
M-xolnoretseptorlarini tusuvchi
va shu sababli nerv impulsining
utishini
bartaraf
etadigan
vositalarga aytiladi.
M-anticholinergics have the ability to
block the M-cholinergic receptors, they
become insensitive to acetylcholine,
which is formed in the endings of
postganglionic
parasympathetic
(cholinergic) nerves.
Ganglioblokatorlar
deb simpatik va parasimpatik
tugunlari (gangliyalari), xamda
bo„yrak
usti
bezini
miya
kismidagi n-xolinoretseptorlarni
tanlab falajlovchi moddalarga
aytiladi.
Ganglioplegic - a group of n-acting
anticholinergics, acting mainly on
nikotinchuvstvitelnye receptors on the
postsynaptic membrane of synapses
located in autonomic ganglia.
Miorelaksantlar
deb, xarakatlantiruvchi nervlar
oxiridagi skelet mushaklarini n-
xolinoretseptorlarini
tanlab
vaktincha
falajlovchi
Muscle relaxants (Latin myorelaxantia;
from myo - muscle + relaxans,
relaxantis - weakening, to dissolve.) -
Medicines that reduce the tone of the
231
moddalarga aytiladi.
skeletal muscles with a decrease in
motor
activity
up
to
complete
immobilization.
Adrenoretseptorlar
deb asosan simpatik nerv
tolalarining
postsinaptik
kismini
oxirida
ajralib
chiqib o„z ta‟sirini
ko„rsatadigan va bu ta‟sirni
kabul kilib oladigan effektor
organning oqsillardan iborat
membranalariga aytiladi.
Adrenergic
receptors
-
receptors
adrenergic substances. All adrenergic
receptors belong to the GPCR. They
react to adrenaline and noradrenaline.
There are several groups of receptors,
which differ in
effects
mediated
localization and affinity to various
substances: b1-, b2-, v1-, v2, v3-
adrenergic receptors.
b
va
v
adrenoretseptorlar
o„z tabiatiga ko„ra yana 2
kichik gruppaga bo„linadi:
b
1
─ adrenoretseptrlar
ko„prok postsinaptik
joylashgan, bularni asosan
noradrenalin ko„zg„atadi.
• b1- and v1-receptors localized mainly
in the postsynaptic membrane and react
to the action of noradrenaline released
from
nerve
endings
of
the
postganglionic
neurons
of
the
sympathetic division.
v
1
adrenoretseptorlar
─ asosan Yurakda, Yurak
o„tkazuvchi
sistemasida
va
ichakda
joylashgan.
Bular
ko„zg„alganda shu organlarning
funksiyasi susayadi, fakat Yurak
ishi oshadi.
v1 - localized in the heart, the
stimulation frequency leads to an
increase (positive chronotropic effect)
and force of cardiac contractions
(positive inotropic effect) in addition,
increases
the
myocardial
oxygen
consumption
and
increase
blood
pressure. It is also localized in the
kidneys,
being
receptors
juxtaglomerular apparatus.
v
2
adrenoretseptorlar
asosan bronxlarda, tomirlarda,
bachadonda, skelet muskullarida
bo„ladi.
Buretseptorlarko„zg„algandabuor
ganlarnifunksiyasisusayadi.
v2 - are located in the bronchioles, the
stimulation causes dilation of the
bronchial tubes and the removal of
bronchospasm.
Adrenalin
Yurak
mushaklarini
kiskaruvchanligi
va
ko„zg„aluvchanligini
oshiradi,
kon bosimi ko„tariladi,
Adrenaline (epinephrine) - the main
hormone of the adrenal medulla and a
neurotransmitter. On chemical structure
is a catecholamine.
Adrenolitiklar
adrenoblokatorlar
deb
xam
yuritiladi.
Ularning
asosiy
farmakologik xossasi a va b
adrenoretseptorlarni
tusib,
simpatik
nerv
oxiridan
impulslarning
tukima
va
a‟zolarga utishini tuxtatadi.
Blockers - chemicals blocking receptors
for neurotransmitters adrenaline group
(epinephrine, norepinephrine). They are
diverse group of reagents acting on
different types of adrenergic receptors.
Narkoz vositalari
deb
narkoz
paydo
kiluvchi
moddalarga aytiladi. Bu gruppa
moddalariga MNS-ni umumiy
tinchlantiruvchi moddalar kiradi.
Narkotik dorilar ta‟sirida MNS-
sida kaytadan o„z xoliga kaytib
Anesthesia (. Ancient Greek nskщuyt -
numbness, stupor; Synonyms: general
anesthesia, general anesthesia) - an
artificially induced state of reversible
inhibition of the central nervous system,
in which there is sleep, loss of
232
keluvchi umumiy falajlash
protsessi yuzaga chikadi.
consciousness and memory (amnesia),
skeletal muscle relaxation, reduction or
disabling certain reflexes,
Gazsimon narkoz
moddalari
-
nafas
yullarini
ta‟sirlantirmaydi,
narkoz
kuzgalish
davrisiz
tezda
boshlanadi,
ichki
a‟zolarga
salbiy ta‟sir kursatmaydi, narkoz
berish
tuxtatilgandan
keyin
uygonish tezda namoyon buladi
va
asoratlar
kuzatilmaydi.
Gazsimon narkoz moddalarining
asosiy
kamchiligi,
xirurgik
narkoz
davrida
tana
mushaklarining bushashishi tulik
bulmaydi,
narkoz
xolati
yuzakirok utadi.
Unlike liquid drugs (ether, chloroform,
etc.), The action of gaseous differs rapid
sleep onset and rapid awakening. This is
due to their high diffusion capacity,
rapid saturation of the blood and tissues.
In the body of the gas drugs do not
decompose,
do
not
come
into
connection with the body's cells are
highlighted in an unmodified form, does
not act on parenchymal organs. In this
regard, gas anesthesia may be used in
patients who are contraindicated other
anesthesia.
Noingalyasion
narkoz moddalari-
uchmaydigan moddalar bulib,
venaga va tugri ichak orkali
yuborishga muljallangandir.
parenteral (intravenous, ventilator with
intravenous, intramuscular, rectal, and
others
Uxlatuvchi dorilar deb-tabiiy uykuga yakin uyku
chakiruvchi
preparatlarga
aytamiz. Bu dorilar ta‟sirida,
uykuni
yuzaga
chikishi
tezlashadi, chukurligi xamda
vakti oshadi. Uyku dorilari
kichik
dozalarda
tinchlantiruvchi sedativ ta‟sir,
o„rtacha
dozalarda
esa
uxlatuvchi va katta dozalarda
narkotik ta‟sir ko„rsatadi.
Hypnotics (from the Latin Hypnotica;...
Blue hypnotics, mouth) - a group of
psychoactive drugs used to facilitate
sleep onset and ensure its sufficient
length, as well as during anesthesia.
Analgetiklar
deb og„rik koldiruvchi dorilarga
aytiladi. Ular organizmda ro„y
beradigan turli xildagi og„riklar
yuzaga chikkanda ishalatiladi.
Analgesic (from the ancient Greek
ἀn -.
Without, against +
ἄlgzuyt - pain), pain
medication - a drug of natural, semi-
synthetic and synthetic origin, intended
to relieve pain - analgesia.
SHizofreniya
surunkali
kechadigan
ogir
kasallik
bulib,
vakti-vaktida
xuruj kilib turishi va xurujlari
turlicha namoyon bulishi bilan
ta‟riflanadi. Masalan, uning
maniakal, paranoid, depressiv
shakllari bor. Kasallik xuruj
kilib kolgan maxalda psixomotor
kuzgalish xolati vujudga keladi.
Schizophrenia (from the ancient Greek
uchYAjщ -. Split and ssYUn - mind,
reason), formerly the Latin. Dementia
praecox ( «premature dementia") -
polymorphic mental disorder or group
of mental disorders
Antidepressantlar deb, ruxan tushkunlik xolatini,
kayfiyatni
yaxshilaydigan
preparatlarga aytiladi. Ma‟lumki,
ayrim
ruxiy
xolatlar
ruxiy
tushkunlik, kam xarakatchanlik,
kam xafsalalik va kayfiyatning
buzilishi bilan kechadi.
Antidepressants - psychotropic drugs
used primarily to treat depression, have
an
impact
on
the
level
of
neurotransmitters,
particularly
serotonin,
norepinephrine
and
dopamine. In depressed patients, they
improve mood, reduce or relieve
233
depression, lethargy, apathy, anxiety,
restlessness, irritability and emotional
stress,
increases
mental
alertness,
normalize the phase structure and the
duration of sleep and appetite.
Nootroplar.
termin-nomi 1972 y piratsitam
preparatining avtori K.Jiurdjsa
tomonidan
berilgan.
Bu
yunoncha so„z bo„lib (noos-fikr
yuritish
va tropos-intilish)
asosan bu moddalar ruxiy va
akliy faoliyatiga ijobiy ta‟sir
ko„rsatadi.
Nootropics,
they
also
neyrometabolicheskie stimulants - drugs
intended to provide a specific impact on
higher functions of the brain. It is
believed that nootropics can stimulate
mental activity, to enhance cognitive
function, improve memory and increase
the ability to learn.
Psixostimulyatorlar
deb-kayfiyatni,
psixomotor
faollikni oshiruvchi, akliy va
jismoniy
charchokni
yo„kotuvchi
moddalarga
aytiladi.
Bularga
ko„yidagi
dorilar kiradi:
Psychostimulants
-
psychoactive
substance activating mental and, to a
lesser extent, physical activity of the
body. They stimulate higher mental
functions,
quickly
relieve
fatigue,
drowsiness
and
fatigue,
increase
motivation and performance, improve
mood
Gipoxromli
anemiyada .
eritrotsitlardagi
gemoglobin
mikdori kamayib ketadi, chunki
ma‟lum
sabablar
natijasida
gemoglobinni
normal
sintezi
uchun temir moddasi etishmay
koladi.
Hypochromic anemia (hypochromia,
gipohromaziya) - the generic name for
forms of anemia in which the color
component of blood, due to a lack of
hemoglobin, less than 0.8.
Giperxromli
anemiyada
eritrotsitlardagi gemoglobin
mikdori normaga nisbatan oshib
ketadi,
ammo
lekin
eritrotsitlarning mikdori juda
kamayib ketgan bo„ladi yoki
etilmagan xolda bo„ladi.
hyperchromic
anemia
is
a
sharp
decrease in red blood cells in the
background of a slight decrease in
hemoglobin, which means an increased
content of the latter in each individual
red blood cell. This gives them a bright
red color. That is why this type of
anemia called hyperchromic.
Antikoagulyantlar
deb qonning ivish protsessini
susaytiruvchi
moddalarga
aytiladi."Anti"-grekcha
suz
-
karshi va lotin suzi "soagulatio"
kuyilishidan iborat. Bu gruppa
preparatlar
tromblar
xosil
bulishini oldini olishda va
tromboembolik
kasalliklarda
keng ishlatiladi.
Anticoagulants (from anti ... and Latin
coagulans, born deaths coagulantis -..
Causes clotting) - chemicals and drugs
that suppress the activity of clotting and
prevent blood clots.
Antibiotiklar
turli
mikroorganizmlarning
kupayishi va usishi davomida
xosil
buladigan,
kimyoviy
tuzilishi
buyicha
murakkab
biologik faolmoddalar.
Antibiotic - a substance of microbial,
animal or vegetable origin that can
suppress
the
growth
of
certain
microorganisms, or induce their death
Sil-
surunkali yukumli kasallik bulib,
uni 1882 yili R. Kox aniklagan
mikobakteriyalar
keltirib
Tuberculosis
(from
the
Latin
tuberculum -. «Hump") - a widespread
infectious disease in the world of
234
chikaradi.
Kasallik
tananing
xamma
a‟zolarida
bulishi
mumkin. Lekin kupincha upkani
va
kisman
buyrakni
jaroxatlantiradi
humans and animals caused by various
species of mycobacteria from the group
of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
(M. tuberculosis and other closely
related species), or otherwise sticks
Koch
Moxov
(lepra) mikobakteriyalar keltirib
chikaradigan
surunkali
ogir
kasallik.
Moxovning 4 turi
ma‟lum:
lepramatoz,
tuberkuloid, aralash va oralik
turlari.
Leprosy
-
chronic
granulomatosis
(chronic infectious disease) caused by
Mycobacterium
flowing
mainly
affecting the skin, peripheral nervous
system,
sometimes
the
anterior
chamber, the upper respiratory tract
above the larynx, testes, as well as the
hands and feet
Gijja (gelment) lar
odam va xayvon organizmida
tekinxo„rlik
kiluvchi
chuvalchangsimon
jonivorlar
bo„lib, gelmentoz kasalligini
keltirib chikaradi.
Helminths (worms in the vernacular,
from ancient Greek
ἕlmynt -. A
parasitic worm, the worm) - the
common name of parasitic worms that
live in humans, other animals and
plants, causing helminthiasis.
Blastoma
(neoplazma, rak)
deb, xayot uchun xavfli bulgan,
ayrim tukimalar, xujayralarning
tuxtovsiz
bulinishi
natijasida
kelib
chikadigan
shishlarga-
patologik uzgarishlarga aytiladi.
Neoplasms - a malignant tumor, the
source of which are the pathological
growth of embryonic stem cells.
X ADABIYOTLAR RO‟YXATI
Foydalanilgan adabiyiotlar
235
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