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142
. .,
. .,
. .,
. .,
. .
e
,
.
–
(
).
,
.
Abbasaliyeva K.T., Mammadov C.T., Baghirzadeh A.A., Babayeva F.R., Guliyev R.A.
Value of systemic and pulmonary biomarkers in diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease exacerbation
Department of Therapeutic and pediatric propedeutic,
Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku
Summary. Aim this study – showed diagnostic value of systemic and pulmonary biomarkers in
chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (
COPD). Enabling system and pulmonary biomarkers to survey protocol
in patients with COPD increases the effectiveness of treatment, reduce frequency of exacerbation and
mortality.
R yçi: t.e.d., prof. Y.Z.Qurbanov
143
J, 2016, 3, 143-145
Hüseynova G.A.
POSTNATAL ONTOGENEZD S D K K S S V Z L R N N
NVOLYUS YA XÜSUS YY TL R
Az rbaycan Tibb Universitetinin nsan anatomiyas kafedras , Bak
Xülas . M qal d sidik kis sinin selikli qi as nda olan v zil rin orqanizmin ya il laq li d yi iklikl ri
haqq nda m lumat verilir. Sidik kis si v zil rind involyusiya prosesi ah l v qocal q ya lar nda daha
qabar q ks olunur. Bu lam t ilk olaraq v zil rin say nda, s xl nda, alveol öb nin v alveolun ölçü-
l rind , qlandulositl rin ümumi say nda, parenxim v mür kk b formal v zil rin nisbi say nda azalmalarda,
dig r t r fd n is stroman n v gedi i boyu ampul killi geni lik, S- b nz r yrilik m l g tir n v zi
axacaqlar n n nisbi say n n artmas nda özünü göst rir. Sidik kis si v zil rinin say v morfometrik göst -
ricil ri üzr ld edil n f rdi variasiya hüdudlar n n minimal v maksimal qiym tl ri u aqlarla müqayis d
ah l v qocal q ya dövrl rind n böyük k naraç xmalarla s ciyy l nir v makro-mikroskopik, mikroana-
tomik bax mdan cinsi f rq malik deyil.
Açar sözl r: sidik kis si, v zi, involyusiya
:
,
,
Key words: urinary bladder, gland, involution
Borulu orqanlar n divarlar ndak kiçik
v zil rin struktur xüsusiyy tl ri daim mor-
foloq v klinisistl rin diqq t m rk zind
olmu dur [1,2,3]. Bu, kiçik v zil rin insan n
normal h yat f aliyy tind v bir s ra patoloji
prosesl rinin gedi i zaman yerin yetirdikl ri
h miyy tli rol il laq dard r [4,5,6]. Sidik
kis si v zil ri onun divar qurulu unun
t kilind i tirak ed n sas strukturlardan biri
olub, müxt lif patoloji prosesl rinin inki a-
f nda “anotomik baza” v ya infeksiyan n
orqan divar ndan daxili mühit keçm sind
“giri qap s ” rolunu yerin yetirir [2,3].
Makromikroskopik v mikroanatomik t d-
qiqat n n tic l rin gör sidik kis si v zil ri
postnatal ontogenezin müxt lif dövrl rind
morfoloji bax mdan f rqli xüsusyy tl r
malikdir. T dqiq edil n bütün ya dövrl rind
orqan divar n n selikli qi as nda a karlanan
v zil r postnatal ontogenezin n erk n m r-
h l sind – yenido ulmu da nisbi bax mdan
yax formala m d r. Bununla yana , bütün
ya dövrl rind sidik kis si divar n n selikli
qi as nda v zisiz – sah l r d n z r çarp r.
Bu sah l r morfometrik göst ricil rin v
orqan n divar nda yerl m sin gör , el c d
f rdi bax mdan f rql nir, postnatal ontoge-
nezin son ya dövrl rind daha çox t sadüf
edilir. Borulu orqanlar n divar nda yerl
n
bel “v zisiz sah ”l r üz rind t dqiqat
apar lan
xsin h yat f aliyy ti dövründ
m ruz qald bir s ra fizioloji v patoloji
d yi iklikl rl laq l ndiril bil r [7].
Sidik kis si v zil rinin n intensiv inki af
postnatal ontogenezin I yetkinlik ya dövrün-
d mü yy n edilir. Ah l ya dövründ n sonra
sidik kis si v zil ri daha b sit formalar ld
edir, sad v ya bir alveol öb li v zil rin nis-
bi say art r, mür kk b v ya üç-dörd alveol
öb li v zil rin nisbi say is ksin azal r [8].
Bel ki, g r I yetkinlik ya dövründ sidik
kis si divar nda bir alveol öb li v zil r
42,6%, iki alveol öb li v zil r 26,8%, üç
alveol öb li v zil r 17,1%, dörd alveol öb li
v zil r 13,5% t kil edirs , qocal q ya
dövründ qeyd edil n müvafiq göst ricil r
60,1 %, 19,6 %, 13,2 % v 7,1 %- b rab r
olur.
Sidik kis si v zil rinin involyusiya prosesi
onlar n say v morfometrik göst ricil rinin
müxt lif ya dövrl rind ld etdiyi qiym t-
l rd d öz ksini tap r. Postnatal ontogenezd
I yetkinlik ya dövrü il müqayis d qoca-
larda sidik kis si v zil rinin ümumi say nda
1,3 d f , onlar n alveollar n n say nda 1,7
d f , qlandulositl rinin ümumi say nda 2,5
d f , alveol öb l rinin enind is 2,4 d f
azalma qeyd edilir.
144
Mikroanatomik bax mdan involyusiya pro-
sesi v zil rin parenxim v stromas n n h cm
faizinin d yi iklikl rind d öz ksini tap r.
Ah l ya dövründ n sonra sidik kis si v zil -
rinin f aliyy t z ifliyi alveol öb üzr paren-
ximin nisbi h cminin azalmas il , ksin
stroman n müvafiq göst ricil rind is art mla
mü ayi t edilir – k siy dü n alveol öb -
l rin stromas n n faizl h cmi orta hesabla I
yetkinlik ya dövründ 14,7% t kil edirs ,
qocal q ya dövründ artaraq 19,6 %- b ra-
b r olur.
Postnatal ontogenezd sidik kis si diva-
r nda yerl
n kiçik v zil rin axacaq aparat
müxt lif ya dövrl rind f rqli xüsusiyy tl r
ld edir. Histokimy vi metoda sas n sidik
kis si v zil ri aktiv sekresiya qabiliyy tin
malikdir. H r alveoldan ba lanan axacaqlar
bir-biril birl ib alveol öb y m xsus I s ra
ç xar c axacaqlar , sonuncular is birl ib II
s ra v n hay t, ümumi v zi axaca n
formala d r r. I yetkinlik ya dövründ v zi
axaca yenido ulmu la müqayis d 2,4 d f
geni l nir. d biyat m lumatlar na gör bu
lam t “f aliyy tin morfoloji ekvivalent-
liyin ” [2,3] xidm t edir – maksimal sekresiya
qabiliyy tin malik sidik kis si v zil rinin
ötürücülük f aliyy tinin n münasib kild
yerin yetirilm sin
rait yarad r. V zi
axaca n n morfoloji bax mdan ya v
involyutiv xüsusiyy tl rind n biri d onlar n
gedi i boyunca S- b nz r yrilik v am-
pul killi geni likl r m l g tirm si v lav
v zi payc qlar il laq sidir. Çox güman ki,
ah l v qocal q ya dövrl rind daha çox
qeyd olunan bu xüsusiyy t sekretin axacaq
bo lu unda qalma müdd tinin uzanmas na,
onun qat la mas na v ya v zil rin involyutiv
hiposekresiyas fonunda sekretin toplanmas
funksiyas na xidm t edir [2]. Ah l ya ndan
sonra v qocal q ya dövründ bununla
yana , axaca ampul killi geni lik, S- b n-
z r yrilik m l g tir n v zil rin say ümumi
v zil rin 45,9 % -ni t kil ed r k, I yetkinlik
ya dövrü il müqayis d 1,5 d f art m ld
edir.
Sidik kis si v zil rinin involyutiv xüsu-
siyy tl ri morfometrik göst ricil r üzr ld
edil n d lill rin f rdi variasiya hüdudlar n n
minimal v maksimal qiym tl rinin k nara-
ç xmalar nda da öz ksini tap r. Bu lam t
postnatal ontogenezin ah l v qocal q ya
dövrl rind dig r ya dövrl ri il müqayis d
daha qabar q ifad olunur. U aq ya dövr-
l rind sidik kis si v zil rinin morfometrik
göst ricil rinin f rdi variasiyalar n n minimal
v maksimal k naraç xma hüdudlar dig r ya
dövrl ri, xüsus n, qocal q ya dövrü il mü-
qayis d azd r. Bel ki, yenido ulmu larda
sidik kis si divar nda alveollar n n say 7-15-
, qocal q ya dövründ 7-25- b rab rdir.
V zil rin f rdi variasiya hüdudunun minimal
v maksimal qiym tl rinin n böyük k na-
raç xmalar n bir t r fd n ya dan as l olaraq
müxt lif faktorlar n t siri il , dig r t r fd n
is u aqlarla müqayis d bu ya dövründ ,
h tta sa lam adamlarda bel , sidiyin t rki-
binin keyfiyy t bax m ndan parçalanmas il
izah etm k olar [9].
Postnatal ontogenezd sidik kis si v zil -
rinin involyusiyas onlar n mikroanatomik
cinsi xüsusiyy tl rind d öz ksini tap r.
N z rd tutulan bu xüsusiyy t inki af n
reproduktiv dövrl rind – yeniyetm , g nclik
v I yetkinlik ya lar nda daha qabar q n z r
çarp r, ah l v qocal q ya dövründ a kar-
lanm r. Bel ki, v zi alveollar n n say yeni-
yetm q zlarda ö lanlarla müqayis d 1,3-1,5,
I yetkinlik ya dövründ is qad nlarda
ki il rl müqayis d 1,4-1,6 d f art q qiym t
ld edir. V zil rin cinsi xüsusiy tl rin dair
ld etdiyimiz d lill ri [10] postnatal onto-
genezin reproduktiv dövründ estrogenl rin
trofik t siri il izah etm k olar [10].
Bel likl , postnatal ontogenezd sidik
kis si v zil rind involyusiya prosesi ah l v
qocal q ya lar nda daha qabar q ks olunur.
Bu lam t ilk olaraq v zil rin say nda, s xl -
nda, alveol öb nin v alveolun ölçül rind ,
qlandulositl rin ümumi say nda, parenxim v
mür kk b formal v zil rin nisbi say nda
azalmalarda, dig r t r fd n is stroman n v
gedi i boyu ampul killi geni lik, S- b nz r
yrilik m l g tir n v zi axacaqlar n n nisbi
say n n artmas nda özünü göst rir. Sidik
kis si v zil rinin say v morfometrik göst -
ricil ri üzr ld edil n f rdi variasiya hüdud-
lar n n minimal v maksimal qiym tl ri u aq-
larla müqayis d ah l, el c d qocal q ya
dövrl rind
n böyük k naraç xmalarla
s ciyy l nir. Ah l v qocal q ya dövrl rind
sidik kis si v zil ri makro-mikroskopik v
mikroanatomik bax mdan cinsi f rq malik
deyil.
145
d biyyat
1.
. .
.
:
, 1987, 203 .
2.
. .,
. .
//
.
.
, 1993,
.3-4, .12-14
3.
. .
. .,
. .,
. .
.
:
,
«
», 2001, 134 .
4. A
. .,
. .
//
,
, 2003, 13-14, .19-21
5.
. .
//
Az rbaycan Tibb Jurnal , 2006, 4, s.72-75
6.
. .
:
.
. …
.
.
,
, 2004, 41 .
7.
adlinski V.B., Hüseynova G.A. Sidik kis si v zil ri v limfoid tör m l rinin morfoloji xüsusiyy tl ri
(monoqrafiya), Bak : Elm, 2013, 186 s.
8.
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//
, 2011,
139, 1, . 68-73
9.
. .,
. .,
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(
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10. Shadlinski V.B., Huseynova G.A. The genital structural features of the urinary bladder gland apparatus of people
in different age / Archiv Euromedica, 2011, p. 150-153
. .
,
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
;
S-
.
,
.
.
Huseynova G.A.
The involution peculliarities of the urinary bladder glands in postnatal ontogenesis
Department of Human Anatomy, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku
Summary. The article presents the literature data and the results of author's own research on age-related
features of mucosal glands of the bladder. Involution glands most expressed at elderly and senile age. It is
shown by reduction of total quantity and density of an arrangement of glands, the sizes of their alveolus
departments and alveolus`s, quantities glandulocytes in their structure, share increase stroma in their
structure; these features are accompanied with expansion excretory ducts with formation of ampoules on
their course, reduction of a share of the complicated form glands. Extreme minimum and maximum
indicators of glands elderly and senile age differ from each other essentially more than at children's age. It is
revealed that genital features of a urinary bladder glands structure are absent at children's and senile age.
|